Читать книгу The 2009 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 216

note: as of September 2008, the Bolivian Government has expelled the US Ambassador to Bolivia

Flag description:

three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with the coat of arms centered on the yellow band

note: similar to the flag of Ghana, which has a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; in 2009, a presidential decree made it mandatory for a so-called wiphala - a square, multi-colored flag representing the country's indigenous peoples - to be used alongside the traditional flag

Economy ::Bolivia

Economy - overview:

Bolivia is one of the poorest and least developed countries in Latin America. Following a disastrous economic crisis during the early 1980s, reforms spurred private investment, stimulated economic growth, and cut poverty rates in the 1990s. The period 2003–05 was characterized by political instability, racial tensions, and violent protests against plans - subsequently abandoned - to export Bolivia's newly discovered natural gas reserves to large northern hemisphere markets. In 2005, the government passed a controversial hydrocarbons law that imposed significantly higher royalties and required foreign firms then operating under risk-sharing contracts to surrender all production to the state energy company. In early 2008, higher earnings for mining and hydrocarbons exports pushed the current account surplus to 9.4% of GDP and the government's higher tax take produced a fiscal surplus after years of large deficits. Private investment as a share of GDP, however, remains among the lowest in Latin America, and inflation remained at double-digit levels in 2008. The decline in commodity prices in late 2008, the lack of foreign investment in the mining and hydrocarbon sectors, and the suspension of trade benefits with the United States will pose challenges for the Bolivian economy in 2009.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$43.38 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 92 $40.88 billion (2007 est.)

$39.08 billion (2006 est.)

note: data are in 2008 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):

$16.6 billion (2008 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

6.1% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 57 4.6% (2007 est.)

4.8% (2006 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

$4,500 (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 147 $4,300 (2007 est.)

$4,200 (2006 est.)

note: data are in 2008 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 11.3%

industry: 36.9%

services: 51.8% (2008 est.)

Labor force:

4.454 million (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 80

Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture: 40%

industry: 17%

services: 43% (2006 est.)

Unemployment rate:

7.5% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 98 7.5% (2007 est.)

note: data are for urban areas; widespread underemployment

Population below poverty line:

60% (2006 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: 0.5%

highest 10%: 44.1% (2005)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:

59.2 (2006) country comparison to the world: 7 44.7 (1999)

Investment (gross fixed):

18% of GDP (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 130

Budget:

revenues: $8.039 billion

expenditures: $7.5 billion (2008 est.)

Public debt:

45.2% of GDP (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 43 46.3% of GDP (2007 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

14% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 184 8.7% (2007 est.)

Central bank discount rate:

13% (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 59 6.5% (31 December 2007)

Commercial bank prime lending rate:

13.87% (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 62 12.86% (31 December 2007)

Stock of money:

$3.998 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 59 $3.032 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of quasi money:

$6.339 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 59 $4.729 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of domestic credit:

$5.433 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 81 $4.759 billion (31 December 2007)

Market value of publicly traded shares:

$NA (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 97 $2.263 billion (31 December 2007)

$2.223 billion (31 December 2006)

Agriculture - products:

soybeans, coffee, coca, cotton, corn, sugarcane, rice, potatoes; timber

Industries:

mining, smelting, petroleum, food and beverages, tobacco, handicrafts, clothing

Industrial production growth rate:

10.6% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 10

Electricity - production:

5.495 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 111

Electricity - consumption:

4.665 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 111

Electricity - exports:

0 kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - imports:

0 kWh (2008 est.)

Oil - production:

51,360 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 62

Oil - consumption:

60,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 92

Oil - exports:

10,950 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 94

Oil - imports:

6,172 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 151

Oil - proved reserves:

465 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 47

Natural gas - production:

14.2 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 35

Natural gas - consumption:

2.41 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 78

Natural gas - exports:

11.79 billion cu m (2008) country comparison to the world: 17

Natural gas - imports:

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 76

Natural gas - proved reserves:

750.4 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 30

Current account balance:

$2.015 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 42 $1.984 billion (2007 est.)

Exports:

$6.448 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 101 $4.49 billion (2007 est.)

Exports - commodities:

natural gas, soybeans and soy products, crude petroleum, zinc ore, tin

Exports - partners:

Brazil 60.1%, US 8.3%, Japan 4.1% (2008)

Imports:

$4.641 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 120 $3.24 billion (2007 est.)

Imports - commodities:

petroleum products, plastics, paper, aircraft and aircraft parts, prepared foods, automobiles, insecticides, soybeans

Imports - partners:

Brazil 26.7%, Argentina 16.3%, US 10.5%, Chile 9.5%, Peru 7.1%,

China 4.8% (2008)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$7.722 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 74 $5.318 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Debt - external:

$5.931 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 102 $5.385 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:

$5.998 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 87

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: