Читать книгу The 2009 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 283

Agriculture - products:

coffee, cocoa, cotton, rubber, bananas, oilseed, grains, root starches; livestock; timber

Industries:

petroleum production and refining, aluminum production, food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber, ship repair

Industrial production growth rate:

4.2% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 63

Electricity - production:

5.601 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 108

Electricity - consumption:

4.801 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 107

Electricity - exports:

0 kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - imports:

0 kWh (2008 est.)

Oil - production:

81,720 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 55

Oil - consumption:

26,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 116

Oil - exports:

107,100 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 66

Oil - imports:

45,520 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 92

Oil - proved reserves:

200 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 56

Natural gas - production:

20 million cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 88

Natural gas - consumption:

20 million cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 111

Natural gas - exports:

0 cu m (2008) country comparison to the world: 182

Natural gas - imports:

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 192

Natural gas - proved reserves:

135.1 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 49

Current account balance:

-$96 million (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 78 -$547 million (2007 est.)

Exports:

$4.707 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 113 $4.345 billion (2007 est.)

Exports - commodities:

crude oil and petroleum products, lumber, cocoa beans, aluminum, coffee, cotton

Exports - partners:

Spain 19.8%, Italy 13.5%, US 10.6%, France 8.2%, Netherlands 8.1%,

China 7.9%, Belgium 4% (2008)

Imports:

$4.303 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 124 $4.05 billion (2007 est.)

Imports - commodities:

machinery, electrical equipment, transport equipment, fuel, food

Imports - partners:

France 21.1%, Nigeria 13.8%, China 9.5%, Belgium 6.1% (2008)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$3.091 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 93 $2.932 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Debt - external:

$3.066 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 126 $2.554 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Exchange rates:

Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar - 447.81 (2008 est.), 493.51 (2007), 522.59 (2006), 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004)

note: since 1 January 1999, the Central African CFA franc (XAF) has been pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 CFA francs per euro; Central African CFA franc (XAF) coins and banknotes are not accepted in countries using West African CFA francs (XOF), and vice versa, even though the two currencies trade at par

Communications ::Cameroon

Telephones - main lines in use:

198,300 (2008) country comparison to the world: 124

Telephones - mobile cellular:

6.161 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 79

Telephone system:

general assessment: fixed-line connections stand at less than 1 per 100 persons; equipment is old and outdated, and connections with many parts of the country are unreliable; mobile-cellular usage, in part a reflection of the poor condition and general inadequacy of the fixed-line network, has increased sharply, reaching a subscribership base of 33 per 100 persons

domestic: cable, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter

international: country code - 237; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2008)

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 3 (2001)

Television broadcast stations:

1 (2001)

Internet country code:

.cm

Internet hosts:

70 (2009) country comparison to the world: 204

Internet users:

725,000 (2008) country comparison to the world: 99

Transportation ::Cameroon

Airports:

36 (2009) country comparison to the world: 107

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 11

over 3,047 m: 2

2,438 to 3,047 m: 5

1,524 to 2,437 m: 3

914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2009)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 25

1,524 to 2,437 m: 3

914 to 1,523 m: 16

under 914 m: 6 (2009)

Pipelines:

oil 889 km (2008)

Railways:

total: 987 km country comparison to the world: 89 narrow gauge: 987 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Roadways:

total: 50,000 km country comparison to the world: 79 paved: 5,000 km

unpaved: 45,000 km (2004)

Waterways:

navigation mainly on Benue River; limited during rainy season (2008)

Ports and terminals:

Douala, Limboh Terminal

Military ::Cameroon

Military branches:

Cameroon Armed Forces (Forces Armees Camerounaises, FAC): Army (L'Armee de Terre), Navy (includes naval infantry), Air Force (Armee de l'Air du Cameroun, AAC) (2009)

Military service age and obligation:

18 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription; the government makes periodic calls for volunteers (2009)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16–49: 4,321,175

females age 16–49: 4,228,625 (2008 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16–49: 2,645,601

females age 16–49: 2,574,948 (2009 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

male: 213,027

female: 208,642 (2009 est.)

Military expenditures:

1.3% of GDP (2006) country comparison to the world: 121

Transnational Issues ::Cameroon

Disputes - international:

Joint Border Commission with Nigeria reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately ceded sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a full phase-out of Nigerian control and patriation of residents in 2008; Cameroon and Nigeria agree on maritime delimitation in March 2008; sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty, which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries

Refugees and internally displaced persons:

refugees (country of origin): 20,000–30,000 (Chad); 3,000 (Nigeria); 24,000 (Central African Republic) (2007)

Trafficking in persons:

current situation: Cameroon is a source, transit, and destination country for women and children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation; most victims are children trafficked within country, with girls primarily trafficked for domestic servitude and sexual exploitation; both boys and girls are also trafficked within Cameroon for forced labor in sweatshops, bars, restaurants, and on tea and cocoa plantations; children are trafficked into Cameroon from neighboring states for forced labor in agriculture, fishing, street vending, and spare-parts shops; Cameroon is a transit country for children trafficked between Gabon and Nigeria, and from Nigeria to Saudi Arabia; it is a source country for women transported by sex-trafficking rings to Europe

tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Cameroon is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat human trafficking in 2007, particularly in terms of efforts to prosecute and convict trafficking offenders; while Cameroon reported some arrests of traffickers, none of them were prosecuted or punished; the government does not identify trafficking victims among vulnerable populations nor does it monitor the number of victims it intercepts (2008)

page last updated on November 11, 2009

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@Canada (North America)

Introduction ::Canada

Background:

A land of vast distances and rich natural resources, Canada became a self-governing dominion in 1867 while retaining ties to the British crown. Economically and technologically the nation has developed in parallel with the US, its neighbor to the south across an unfortified border. Canada faces the political challenges of meeting public demands for quality improvements in health care and education services, as well as responding to separatist concerns in predominantly francophone Quebec. Canada also aims to develop its diverse energy resources while maintaining its commitment to the environment.

Geography ::Canada

Location:

Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north, north of the conterminous US

Geographic coordinates: