Читать книгу The 2009 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 308

Environment - international agreements:

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping

Geography - note:

landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel

People ::Chad

Population:

10,329,208 (July 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 79

Age structure:

0–14 years: 46.7% (male 2,445,841/female 2,381,319)

15–64 years: 50.4% (male 2,386,428/female 2,816,050)

65 years and over: 2.9% (male 126,351/female 173,219) (2009 est.)

Median age:

total: 16.5 years

male: 15.3 years

female: 17.7 years (2009 est.)

Population growth rate:

2.069% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 53

Birth rate:

40.86 births/1,000 population (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 16

Death rate:

16.09 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 15

Net migration rate:

−4.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 157

Urbanization:

urban population: 27% of total population (2008)

rate of urbanization: 4.7% annual rate of change (2005–10 est.)

Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female

under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female

15–64 years: 0.85 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female

total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

total: 98.69 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 11 male: 104.72 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 92.42 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population: 47.7 years country comparison to the world: 211 male: 46.67 years

female: 48.77 years (2009 est.)

Total fertility rate:

5.31 children born/woman (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 21

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

3.5% (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 18

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

200,000 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 29

HIV/AIDS - deaths:

14,000 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 26

Major infectious diseases:

degree of risk: very high

food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

vectorborne disease: malaria

water contact disease: schistosomiasis

respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis

animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Nationality:

noun: Chadian(s)

adjective: Chadian

Ethnic groups:

Sara 27.7%, Arab 12.3%, Mayo-Kebbi 11.5%, Kanem-Bornou 9%, Ouaddai 8.7%, Hadjarai 6.7%, Tandjile 6.5%, Gorane 6.3%, Fitri-Batha 4.7%, other 6.4%, unknown 0.3% (1993 census)

Religions:

Muslim 53.1%, Catholic 20.1%, Protestant 14.2%, animist 7.3%, other 0.5%, unknown 1.7%, atheist 3.1% (1993 census)

Languages:

French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects

Literacy:

definition: age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic

total population: 25.7%

male: 40.8%

female: 12.8% (2000 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):

total: 6 years

male: 7 years

female: 4 years (2005)

Education expenditures:

1.9% of GDP (2005) country comparison to the world: 168

Government ::Chad

Country name:

conventional long form: Republic of Chad

conventional short form: Chad

local long form: Republique du Tchad/Jumhuriyat Tshad

local short form: Tchad/Tshad

Government type:

republic

Capital:

name: N'Djamena

geographic coordinates: 12 06 N, 15 02 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Administrative divisions:

18 regions (regions, singular - region); Batha,

Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti, Chari-Baguirmi, Guera, Hadjer-Lamis, Kanem,

Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mandoul, Mayo-Kebbi Est,

Mayo-Kebbi Ouest, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Tandjile, Ville de

N'Djamena, Wadi Fira

Independence:

11 August 1960 (from France)

National holiday:

Independence Day, 11 August (1960)

Constitution:

passed by referendum 31 March 1996; a June 2005 referendum removed constitutional term limits

Legal system:

based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:

chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno (since 4 December 1990)

head of government: Prime Minister Youssof Saleh ABBAS (since 16 April 2008)

cabinet: Council of State, members appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister

elections: president elected by popular vote to serve five-year term; if no candidate receives at least 50% of the total vote, the two candidates receiving the most votes must stand for a second round of voting; last held 3 May 2006 (next to be held by May 2011); prime minister appointed by the president

election results: Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno reelected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY 64.7%, Delwa Kassire KOUMAKOYE 15.1%, Albert Pahimi PADACKE 7.8%, Mahamat ABDOULAYE 7.1%, Brahim KOULAMALLAH 5.3%; note - a June 2005 national referendum altered the constitution removing presidential term limits and permitting Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno to run for reelection

Legislative branch:

unicameral National Assembly (155 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); note - the 1996 constitution called for a Senate that has never been formed

elections: National Assembly - last held 21 April 2002 (next to be held by 2009); note - legislative elections, originally scheduled for 2006, were first delayed by National Assembly action and subsequently by an accord, signed in August 2007, between government and opposition parties

election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MPS 110, RDP 12, FAR 9, RNDP 5, UNDR 5, URD 3, other 11

Judicial branch:

Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Magistrate Courts

Political parties and leaders:

Federation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarledjy YORONGAR];

National Rally for Development and Progress or RNDP [Delwa Kassire

KOUMAKOYE]; National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh

KEBZABO]; Party for Liberty and Development or PLD [Ibni Oumar

Mahamat SALEH]; Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Mahamat Saleh

AHMAT, chairman]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Lol

Mahamat CHOUA]; Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen. Wadal

Abdelkader KAMOUGUE]

Political pressure groups and leaders:

rebel groups

International organization participation:

ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,

ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC,

ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,

UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in the US:

chief of mission: Ambassador Mahamat Adam BECHIR

chancery: 2002 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009

telephone: [1] (202) 462–4009