Читать книгу The 2009 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 359

Flag description:

three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double-width), blue, and red

note: similar to the flag of Ecuador, which is longer and bears the Ecuadorian coat of arms superimposed in the center

Economy ::Colombia

Economy - overview:

Colombia has experienced accelerating growth between 2002 and 2007, with expansion above 7% in 2007, chiefly due to advancements in domestic security, to rising commodity prices, and to President URIBE's promarket economic policies. Colombia's sustained growth helped reduce poverty by 20% and cut unemployment by 25% since 2002. Additionally, investor friendly reforms to Colombia's hydrocarbon sector and the US-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement (CTPA) negotiations have attracted record levels of foreign investment. Inequality, underemployment,and narcotrafficking remain significant challenges, and Colombia's infrastructure requires significant updating in order to sustain expansion. Economic growth slipped in 2008 as a result of the global financial crisis and weakening demand for Colombia's exports. In response, URIBE's administration has cut capital controls, arranged for emergency credit lines from multilateral institutions, and promoted investment incentives such as Colombia's modernized free trade zone mechanism, legal stability contracts, and new bilateral investment treaties and trade agreements. The government has also encouraged exporters to diversify their customer base away from the United States and Venezuela, Colombia's largest trading partners. Nevertheless, the business sector continues to be concerned about the impact of a global recession on Colombia's exports, as well as the approval of the CTPA, which is stalled in the US Congress.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$396 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 29 $386.7 billion (2007 est.)

$359.7 billion (2006 est.)

note: data are in 2008 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):

$240.8 billion (2008 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

2.4% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 150 7.5% (2007 est.)

6.9% (2006 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

$9,200 (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 109 $9,100 (2007 est.)

$8,600 (2006 est.)

note: data are in 2008 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 9%

industry: 38.1%

services: 52.9% (2008 est.)

Labor force:

21.3 million (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 29

Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture: 22.4%

industry: 18.8%

services: 58.8% (2005 est.)

Unemployment rate:

11.3% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 132 11.2% (2007 est.)

Population below poverty line:

49.2% (2005)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: 0.8%

highest 10%: 45.9% (2006)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:

53.8 (2005) country comparison to the world: 15 57.1 (1996)

Investment (gross fixed):

24.3% of GDP (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 56

Budget:

revenues: $83.22 billion

expenditures: $82.92 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2008 est.)

Public debt:

42.6% of GDP (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 49 51.8% of GDP (2004 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

7% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 116 5.5% (2007 est.)

Central bank discount rate:

11.5% (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 30 11.5% (31 December 2007)

Commercial bank prime lending rate:

17.18% (31 December 2008)

Stock of money:

$21.58 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 35 $21.81 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of quasi money:

$26.57 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 39 $27.25 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of domestic credit:

$89.69 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 39 $85.34 billion (31 December 2007)

Market value of publicly traded shares:

$87.03 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 48 $102 billion (31 December 2007)

$56.2 billion (31 December 2006)

Agriculture - products:

coffee, cut flowers, bananas, rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, cocoa beans, oilseed, vegetables; forest products; shrimp

Industries:

textiles, food processing, oil, clothing and footwear, beverages, chemicals, cement; gold, coal, emeralds

Industrial production growth rate:

0.8% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 126

Electricity - production:

50.58 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 47

Electricity - consumption:

38.59 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 53

Electricity - exports:

876.7 million kWh (2007 est.)

Electricity - imports:

39.4 million kWh (2007 est.)

Oil - production:

600,600 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 29

Oil - consumption:

291,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 43

Oil - exports:

294,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 42

Oil - imports:

16,540 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 122

Oil - proved reserves:

1.355 billion bbl (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 37

Natural gas - production:

9 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 44

Natural gas - consumption:

8.1 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 52

Natural gas - exports:

900 million cu m (2008) country comparison to the world: 36

Natural gas - imports:

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 188

Natural gas - proved reserves:

105.9 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 51

Current account balance:

-$6.712 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 166 -$5.838 billion (2007 est.)