Читать книгу The 2009 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 360

Exports:

$38.53 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 59 $30.58 billion (2007 est.)

Exports - commodities:

petroleum, coffee, coal, nickel, emeralds, apparel, bananas, cut flowers

Exports - partners:

US 38%, Venezuela 16.2%, Ecuador 4% (2008)

Imports:

$37.56 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 58 $31.17 billion (2007 est.)

Imports - commodities:

industrial equipment, transportation equipment, consumer goods, chemicals, paper products, fuels, electricity

Imports - partners:

US 29.2%, China 11.5%, Mexico 7.9%, Brazil 5.9% (2008)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$23.67 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 48 $20.95 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Debt - external:

$46.38 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 56 $44.55 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:

$67.23 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 46 $56.45 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:

$13.18 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 42 $10.93 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Exchange rates:

Colombian pesos (COP) per US dollar - 2,243.6 (2008), 2,013.8 (2007), 2,358.6 (2006), 2,320.75 (2005), 2,628.61 (2004)

Communications ::Colombia

Telephones - main lines in use:

6.82 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 27

Telephones - mobile cellular:

41.365 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 27

Telephone system:

general assessment: modern system in many respects; telecommunications sector liberalized during the 1990s; multiple providers of both fixed-line and mobile-cellular services; fixed-line connections stand at about 15 per 100 persons; mobile cellular telephone subscribership is about 90 per 100 persons; competition among cellular service providers is resulting in falling local and international calling rates and contributing to the steep decline in the market share of fixed line services

domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system; domestic satellite system with 41 earth stations; fiber-optic network linking 50 cities

international: country code - 57; submarine cables provide links to the US, parts of the Caribbean, and Central and South America; satellite earth stations - 10 (6 Intelsat, 1 Inmarsat, 3 fully digitalized international switching centers) (2008)

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 454, FM 34, shortwave 27 (1999)

Television broadcast stations:

60 (1997)

Internet country code:

.co

Internet hosts:

2.217 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 30

Internet users:

17.117 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 21

Transportation ::Colombia

Airports:

992 (2009) country comparison to the world: 7

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 116

over 3,047 m: 2

2,438 to 3,047 m: 9

1,524 to 2,437 m: 40

914 to 1,523 m: 50

under 914 m: 15 (2009)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 876

over 3,047 m: 1

1,524 to 2,437 m: 35

914 to 1,523 m: 228

under 914 m: 612 (2009)

Heliports:

2 (2009)

Pipelines:

gas 4,560 km; oil 6,094 km; refined products 3,383 km (2008)

Railways:

total: 3,802 km country comparison to the world: 45 standard gauge: 150 km 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge: 3,652 km 0.914-m gauge (2008)

Roadways:

total: 164,257 km (2005) country comparison to the world: 31

Waterways:

18,000 km (2008) country comparison to the world: 6

Merchant marine:

total: 17 country comparison to the world: 100 by type: cargo 13, petroleum tanker 3, specialized tanker 1

registered in other countries: 6 (Antigua and Barbuda 2, Panama 4) (2008)

Ports and terminals:

Barranquilla, Buenaventura, Cartagena, Santa Marta, Turbo

Military ::Colombia

Military branches:

National Army (Ejercito Nacional), National Navy (Armada Nacional, includes Naval Aviation, Naval Infantry (Infanteria de Marina, IM), and Coast Guard), Colombian Air Force (Fuerza Aerea de Colombia, FAC) (2008)

Military service age and obligation:

18–24 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; service obligation - 18 months (2004)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16–49: 11,478,109

females age 16–49: 11,809,279 (2008 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16–49: 8,212,944

females age 16–49: 10,045,435 (2009 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

male: 446,432

female: 437,164 (2009 est.)

Military expenditures:

3.4% of GDP (2005 est.) country comparison to the world: 37

Transnational Issues ::Colombia

Disputes - international:

in December 2007, ICJ allocates San Andres, Providencia, and Santa Catalina islands to Colombia under 1928 Treaty but does not rule on 82 degrees W meridian as maritime boundary with Nicaragua; managed dispute with Venezuela over maritime boundary and Venezuelan-administered Los Monjes Islands near the Gulf of Venezuela; Colombian-organized illegal narcotics, guerrilla, and paramilitary activities penetrate all neighboring borders and have caused Colombian citizens to flee mostly into neighboring countries; Colombia, Honduras, Nicaragua, Jamaica, and the US assert various claims to Bajo Nuevo and Serranilla Bank

Refugees and internally displaced persons:

IDPs: 1.8–3.5 million (conflict between government and illegal armed groups and drug traffickers) (2007)

Illicit drugs:

illicit producer of coca, opium poppy, and cannabis; world's leading coca cultivator with 167,000 hectares in coca cultivation in 2007, a 6% increase over 2006, producing a potential of 535 mt of pure cocaine; the world's largest producer of coca derivatives; supplies cocaine to nearly all of the US market and the great majority of other international drug markets; in 2005, aerial eradication dispensed herbicide to treat over 130,000 hectares but aggressive replanting on the part of coca growers means Colombia remains a key producer; a significant portion of narcotics proceeds are either laundered or invested in Colombia through the black market peso exchange; important supplier of heroin to the US market; opium poppy cultivation is estimated to have fallen 25% between 2006 and 2007; most Colombian heroin is destined for the US market (2008)

page last updated on November 11, 2009

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@Comoros (Africa)

Introduction ::Comoros

Background:

Comoros has endured more than 20 coups or attempted coups since gaining independence from France in 1975. In 1997, the islands of Anjouan and Moheli declared independence from Comoros. In 1999, military chief Col. AZALI seized power in a bloodless coup, and helped negotiate the 2000 Fomboni Accords power-sharing agreement in which the federal presidency rotates among the three islands, and each island maintains its own local government. AZALI won the 2002 Presidential election, and each island in the archipelago elected its own president. AZALI stepped down in 2006 and President SAMBI was elected to office. In 2007, BACAR effected Anjouan's de-facto secession from the Union, refusing to step down in favor of fresh Anjouanais elections when Comoros' other islands held legitimate elections in July. The African Union (AU) initially attempted to resolve the political crisis by applying sanctions and a naval blockade on Anjouan, but in March 2008, AU and Comoran soldiers seized the island. The move was generally welcomed by the island's inhabitants.

Geography ::Comoros

Location:

Southern Africa, group of islands at the northern mouth of the

Mozambique Channel, about two-thirds of the way between northern

Madagascar and northern Mozambique

Geographic coordinates: