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Government ::Afghanistan

Country name:

conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

conventional short form: Afghanistan

local long form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Afghanestan

local short form: Afghanestan

former: Republic of Afghanistan

Government type:

Islamic republic

Capital:

name: Kabul

geographic coordinates: 34 31 N, 69 11 E

time difference: UTC+4.5 (9.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Administrative divisions:

34 provinces (welayat, singular - welayat); Badakhshan, Badghis,

Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Daykundi, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Ghor,

Helmand, Herat, Jowzjan, Kabul, Kandahar, Kapisa, Khost, Kunar,

Kunduz, Laghman, Logar, Nangarhar, Nimroz, Nuristan, Paktika,

Paktiya, Panjshir, Parwan, Samangan, Sar-e Pul, Takhar, Uruzgan,

Wardak, Zabul

Independence:

19 August 1919 (from UK control over Afghan foreign affairs)

National holiday:

Independence Day, 19 August (1919)

Constitution:

new constitution drafted 14 December 2003–4 January 2004; signed 16 January 2004; ratified 26 January 2004

Legal system:

based on mixed civil and Sharia law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:

chief of state: President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Hamid KARZAI (since 7 December 2004); First Vice President Ahmad Zia MASOOD; Second Vice President Abdul Karim KHALILI (since 7 December 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; former King ZAHIR Shah held the honorific, "Father of the Country," and presided symbolically over certain occasions but lacked any governing authority; the honorific is not hereditary; King ZAHIR Shah died on 23 July 2007

head of government: President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Hamid KARZAI (since 7 December 2004); First Vice President Ahmad Zia MASOOD; Second Vice President Abdul Karim KHALILI (since 7 December 2004)

cabinet: 25 ministers; note - under the new constitution, ministers are appointed by the president and approved by the National Assembly

elections: the president and two vice presidents are elected by direct vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); if no candidate receives 50% or more of the vote in the first round of voting, the two candidates with the most votes will participate in a second round; a president can only be elected for two terms; election last held 20 August 2009 (next to be held in 2014)

election results: Hamid KARZAI reelected president; percent of vote - Hamid KARZAI 54.6%, Abdullah ABDULLAH 27.8%, Ramazan BASHARDOST 9.2%, Ashraf GHANI 2.7% (as reported by the Independent Election Commission of Afghanistan on 16 September 2009)

note: on 2 November 2009, following the cancellation of the planned 7 November election runoff, the UN-backed Electoral Complaints Commission officially declared Hamid KARZAI the winner of the 20 August presidential election

Legislative branch:

the bicameral National Assembly consists of the Meshrano Jirga or House of Elders (102 seats, one-third elected from provincial councils for four-year terms, one-third elected from local district councils for three-year terms, and one-third nominated by the president for five-year terms) and the Wolesi Jirga or House of People (no more than 249 seats), directly elected for five-year terms

note: on rare occasions the government may convene a Loya Jirga (Grand Council) on issues of independence, national sovereignty, and territorial integrity; it can amend the provisions of the constitution and prosecute the president; it is made up of members of the National Assembly and chairpersons of the provincial and district councils

elections: last held 18 September 2005 (next election expected in 2010)

election results: the single non-transferable vote (SNTV) system used in the election did not make use of political party slates; most candidates ran as independents

Judicial branch:

the constitution establishes a nine-member Stera Mahkama or Supreme Court (its nine justices are appointed for 10-year terms by the president with approval of the Wolesi Jirga) and subordinate High Courts and Appeals Courts; there is also a minister of justice; a separate Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission established by the Bonn Agreement is charged with investigating human rights abuses and war crimes

Political parties and leaders:

Afghanistan Peoples' Treaty Party [Sayyed Amir TAHSEEN];

Afghanistan's Islamic Mission Organization [Abdul Rasoul SAYYAF];

Afghanistan's Islamic Nation Party [Toran Noor Aqa Ahmad ZAI];

Afghanistan's National Islamic Party [Rohullah LOUDIN];

Afghanistan's Welfare Party [Meer Asef ZAEEFI]; Afghan Social

Democratic Party [Anwarul Haq AHADI]; Afghan Society for the Call to

the Koran and Sunna [Mawlawee Samiullah NAJEEBEE]; Comprehensive

Movement of Democracy and Development of Afghanistan Party [Sher

Mohammad BAZGAR]; Democratic Party of Afghanistan [Tawos ARAB];

Democratic Party of Afghanistan [Abdul Kabir RANJBAR]; Elites People

of Afghanistan Party [Abdul Hamid JAWAD]; Freedom and Democracy

Movement of Afghanistan [Abdul Raqib Jawid KOHISTANEE]; Freedom

Party of Afghanistan [Ilaj Abdul MALEK]; Freedom Party of

Afghanistan [Dr. Ghulam Farooq NEJRABEE]; Hizullah-e-Afghanistan

[Qari Ahmad ALI]; Human Rights Protection and Development Party of

Afghanistan [Baryalai NASRATI]; Islamic Justice Party of Afghanistan

[Mohammad Kabir MARZBAN]; Islamic Movement of Afghanistan [Mohammad

Ali JAWID]; Islamic Movement of Afghanistan Party [Mohammad Mukhtar

MUFLEH]; Islamic Party of Afghanistan [Mohammad Khalid FAROOQI,

Abdul Hadi ARGHANDIWAL]; Islamic Party of the Afghan Land [Mohammad

Hassan FEROZKHEL]; Islamic People's Movement of Afghanistan [Ilhaj

Said Hussain ANWARY]; Islamic Society of Afghanistan [Ustad

RABBANI]; Islamic Unity of the Nation of Afghanistan Party [Qurban

Ali URFANI]; Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan [Mohammad Karim

KHALILI]; Islamic Unity Party of the People of Afghanistan [Ustad

Mohammad MOHAQQEQ]; Labor and Progress of Afghanistan Party

[Zulfiqar OMID]; Muslim People of Afghanistan Party [Besmellah

JOYAN]; Muslim Unity Movement Party of Afghanistan [Wazir Mohammad

WAHDAT]; National and Islamic Sovereignty Movement Party of

Afghanistan [Ahmad Shah AHMADZAI]; National Congress Party of

Afghanistan [Abdul Latif PEDRAM]; National Country Party [Ghulam

MOHAMMAD]; National Development Party of Afghanistan [Dr. Aref

BAKTASH]; National Freedom Seekers Party [Abdul Hadi DABEER];

National Independence Party of Afghanistan [Taj Mohammad WARDAK];

National Islamic Fighters Party of Afghanistan [Amanat NINGARHAREE];

National Islamic Front of Afghanistan [Pir Sayed Ahmad GAILANEE];

National Islamic Moderation Party of Afghanistan [Qara Bik Eized

YAAR]; National Islamic Movement of Afghanistan [Sayed NOORULLAH]

National Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan [Mohammad AKBAREE];

National Movement of Afghanistan [Ahmad Wali MASOOUD]; National

Party of Afghanistan [Abdul Rashid ARYAN]; National Patch of

Afghanistan Party [Sayed Kamal SADAT]; National Peace Islamic Party

of Afghanistan [Shah Mohammood Popal ZAI]; National Peace & Islamic

Party of the Tribes of Afghanistan [Abdul Qaher SHARIATEE]; National

Peace & Unity Party of Afghanistan [Abdul Qader IMAMI]; National

Prosperity and Islamic Party of Afghanistan [Mohammad Osman

SALEKZADA]; National Prosperity Party [Mohammad Hassan JAHFAREE];

National Solidarity Movement of Afghanistan [Pir Sayed Eshaq

GAILANEE]; National Solidarity Party of Afghanistan [Sayed Mansoor

NADREEI]; National Sovereignty Party [Sayed Mustafa KAZEMI];

National Stability Party [Mohammad Same KHAROTI]; National Stance

Party [Habibullah JANEBDAR]; National Tribal Unity Islamic Party of

Afghanistan [Mohammad Shah KHOGYANI]; National United Front

[Burhanuddin RABBANI] (a coalition); National Unity Movement [Sultan

Mohammad GHAZI]; National Unity Movement of Afghanistan [Mohammad

Nadir AATASH]; National Unity Party of Afghanistan [Abdul Rashid

JALILI]; New Afghanistan Party [Mohammad Yunis QANUNI]; Peace and

National Welfare Activists Society [Shamsul Haq Noor SHAMS]; Peace

Movement [Shahnawaz TANAI]; People's Aspirations Party of

Afghanistan [Ilhaj Saraj-u-din ZAFAREE]; People's Freedom Seekers

Party of Afghanistan [Feda Mohammad EHSAS]; People's Liberal Freedom

Seekers Party of Afghanistan [Ajmal SUHAIL]; People's Message Party

of Afghanistan [Noor Aqa WAINEE]; People's Movement of the National

Unity of Afghanistan [Abdul Hakim NOORZAI]; People's Party of

Afghanistan [Ahmad Shah ASAR]; People's Prosperity Party of

Afghanistan [Ustad Mohammad ZAREEF]; People's Sovereignty Movement

of Afghanistan [Hayatullah SUBHANEE]; People's Uprising Party of

Afghanistan [Sayed Zahir Qayed Omul BELADI]; People's Welfare Party

of Afghanistan [Mia Gul WASIQ]; People's Welfare Party of

Afghanistan [Mohammad Zubair PAIROZ]; Progressive Democratic Party

of Afghanistan [Wali ARYA]; Republican Party [Sebghatullah SANJAR];

Solidarity Party of Afghanistan [Abdul Khaleq NEMAT]; The

Afghanistan's Mujahid Nation's Islamic Unity Movement [Saeedullah

SAEED]; The People of Afghanistan's Democratic Movement [Sharif

NAZARI]; Tribes Solidarity Party of Afghanistan [Mohammad Zarif

NASERI]; Understanding and Democracy Party of Afghanistan [Ahamad

SHAHEEN]

United Afghanistan Party [Mohammad Wasil RAHIMEE]; United Islamic Party of Afghanistan [Wahidullah SABAWOON]; Young Afghanistan's Islamic Organization [Sayed Jawad HUSSINEE]; Youth Solidarity Party of Afghanistan [Mohammad Jamil KARZAI]; note - includes only political parties approved by the Ministry of Justice

Political pressure groups and leaders:

other: religious groups; tribal leaders; ethnically based groups

International organization participation:

ADB, CP, ECO, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, IDA, IDB, IFAD,

IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITSO,

ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), SAARC, SACEP, SCO

(guest), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO,

WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)

Diplomatic representation in the US:

chief of mission: Ambassador Said Tayeb JAWAD

chancery: 2341 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone: [1] (202) 483–6410