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PREFACE

HISTORY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INFLUENZA

1918 Epidemic in Large Cities

The Epidemic in Universities and Colleges

1918 Epidemic at Pittsburgh

Epidemic Incidents in Institutions and Towns of Western Pennsylvania

Summary

A CLINICAL DESCRIPTION OF INFLUENZA AS IT APPEARED IN THE EPIDEMIC OF 1918–1919

Prodromal Stage and Communicability

Duration of the Disease

Forms and Varieties of Influenza

Influenza Without Lung Involvement

The Temperature

The Pulse and Respirations

Cyanosis

Leucopenia

Asthenia

Influenza with Lung Involvement

Diagnosis of Influenzal Pneumonia

Complications

Pregnancy

Sequelæ

Prognosis and Mortality of Influenza

THE URINE AND BLOOD IN EPIDEMIC INFLUENZA

Hematology

Conclusions

THE TREATMENT OF INFLUENZA

Acute Influenza

Pneumonia

Complications

THE PREVENTION OF EPIDEMIC INFLUENZA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VACCINE PROPHYLAXIS

INTRODUCTION

History of Prophylactic Vaccination in General

Prophylactic Vaccination Against Influenza

The Attempt to Develop a Specific Prophylactic Vaccine by the Use of Pure Pfeiffer Strains

Author’s Vaccine

Method of Standardization

Conclusion

The Attempt to Protect Against Epidemic Influenza by the Use of Mixed Vaccines

Data on the Prophylactic Value of Mixed Vaccines

Series I. Those Instances in Which Vaccination Was Completed Before the Epidemic Appeared

Series II. Those Instances in Which It Is Possible to Compare the Relative Occurrence in Both Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Groups After Vaccination Was Completed

Series III. Those Instances in Which Vaccination Was Begun After the Epidemic Appeared, and in Which Comparisons of Total Figures Only Are Available

The Attempt to Prevent Pneumonia as a Complication of Influenza Through the Use of Lipovaccine

Summary

Conclusions

Part II. General Prophylactic Measures

Methods Proposed for Breaking the Channels of Communication

Partial Isolation by Means of the Cubicle System

The Use of the Face Mask

General Closing Orders

The Closing of Schools

The Closing of Public Dance Halls

Regulation of Public Eating and Drinking Places

Regulation of Traffic

Enforcement of Anti-Spitting Ordinances

Increasing Natural Resistance by Augmented Healthfulness

General Measures

Summary

BIBLIOGRAPHY

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS IN EPIDEMIC INFLUENZA

Results

Circulation

Respiration

Blood

Comment

THE BACTERIOLOGY OF EPIDEMIC INFLUENZA WITH A DISCUSSION OF B. INFLUENZÆ AS THE CAUSE OF THIS AND OTHER INFECTIVE PROCESSES

Introduction

General Methods of Investigation

Material Studied

Technique

Results of the Author

Direct Smears from Nasopharyngeal Swabs

The Hemophilic Bacteria

Media in Growth of B. Influenzæ

B. Influenzæ as a Pathogenic Bacterium

Infections of the Respiratory Tract

Results of Others During the Recent Pandemic

Chronic Infections

Infections of the Pleura

Sinuses of the Head

Eye and Ear

Meninges

Invasion of the Blood Stream

Endocarditis

Immunity—Phagocytosis

Agglutination

Binding of Complement

Anaphylaxis

Experiments on the Human

Conclusions

BIBLIOGRAPHY

THE PATHOLOGY OF EPIDEMIC INFLUENZA

Materials

General External Features

Muscle

Upper Respiratory Tract

Bronchi

Lung—Early Stage

Lung—Secondary Stage

Lung—Stage of Resolution

Pleura

Heart

Arteries

Lymphatics of Lung and Mediastinum

Abdominal Viscera

OBSERVATIONS UPON THE PATHOLOGY OF EIGHTEEN CASES OF INFLUENZA

Summary

BIBLIOGRAPHY

EXPLANATION OF PLATES