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The educational process’s curriculum value chain generally comprises three phases, as shown in Figure 6. The first phase involves the design of the curriculum, the second phase comprises the practical implementation of the core curriculum, and in the third phase the impact of the curricula is measured. The remarkable thing is that in VET, the actors are required to be involved in all phases of the VET and employment system (Renold et al. 2015). Each phase will be discussed in detail below.

VPET = Education beyond schools

(identifying the potential of the business sector as an educational actor)

Figure 6: The curriculum value chain of the educational process as applied to VET. Compiled by the authors