Читать книгу Organization of passenger automobile transportation. Textbook - Vadim Shmal - Страница 3

The legal framework for passenger automobile transportation sets the framework within which a carrier can provide a service and a passenger can demand respect for their rights. The base is the passenger and baggage transportation agreement. In regular communication, it has a public character: the carrier is obliged to conclude a contract with everyone who applies and can be transported according to the established rules and tariffs. Responsibilities follow from this: you can not arbitrarily refuse, you need to be informed in advance and accessible about routes, schedules and prices, to ensure safety and ensure proper registration of the trip. In irregular, registered flights, the relationship is formalized by a vehicle chartering agreement; for such a flight, an order is drawn up with mandatory details – who orders, where, when, what rolling stock and on what terms. In regular transportation, the main document for the passenger is a ticket in the prescribed form, and for the carrier – a waybill. The waybill confirms the admission of the vehicle and the driver to the flight, the passage of pre-flight controls, the time to get on the line and the end of the shift, and serves as the main proof that the trip was completed according to the rules.

Industry-specific transportation rules describe the procedure for boarding and disembarking, baggage and carry-on baggage, benefits, passenger information, and refund conditions. For long-term inter-regional and international flights, requirements are added for sanitary breaks, rest arrangements for drivers, and compliance with procedures at checkpoints. The standards of technical regulation and road safety apply in parallel. They establish minimum requirements for the technical condition and equipment of buses and minibuses, for the availability of safety equipment and information for passengers, for equipment for boarding They establish minimum requirements for the technical condition and equipment of buses and minibuses, for the availability of safety equipment and information for passengers, for equipment for boarding low-mobility groups (LMG) of the population, as well as for the procedure for pre- and post-trip medical examinations of drivers and maintenance regulations. These requirements are mandatory: transportation simply cannot be performed without them.

Transportation of passengers by buses is a licensed activity. The license confirms that the carrier has the right to operate, as well as that it meets the basic requirements for logistics and process management. This includes the organization of dispatching control, release to the line, maintenance of established reporting, training of personnel and compliance with the work and rest regime of drivers. In some cases, certification of individual services and processes is additionally applied. This is a convenient way to confirm compliance with quality and safety standards and increase confidence in the company.

The carrier-passenger relations are also subject to the general rules of civil law and consumer protection legislation. The carrier is obliged to provide complete and reliable information about the service, and in case of harm, bears increased responsibility as the owner of the source of increased danger. This implies the need for real, rather than formal, risk management: serviceable rolling stock, staff training, clear instructions, the work of the dispatching service, actions in emergency situations and adverse weather. The passenger, in turn, must comply with the rules of transport use and public order, but this does not relieve the carrier of the obligation to ensure the predictability and safety of the trip throughout its entire length – from the stop to the exit at the destination.

Tariffs and settlements are a separate important part. Tariffs should be transparent and non-discriminatory, and benefits should be understandable and accessible to those who are entitled to them. Ticket technologies, validators, and payment controls should work reliably and without complicated procedures for passengers. In urban and suburban transport, tariffs are often associated with a contractual service model: in an agreement with a customer, usually a city or region, targets are fixed – regularity of movement, observance of intervals, occupancy, cleanliness of the cabin, accessibility for LMG. If the indicators are not met, sanctions are applied; if they are exceeded, bonuses are possible. Such a scheme makes quality not a wish, but an obligation, which is checked according to the data of the ticket system, navigation and control room reports.

The requirements for personnel are not limited to a driver’s license of the required category. We need medical examinations, knowledge of safety instructions, skills in dealing with accidents and fires, the ability to work with equipment for boarding passengers with limited mobility, and on some lines we need special access, for example, for night shifts or difficult routes. On long-haul flights, the carrier is obliged to plan work so that the work and rest regime is observed in fact, and not on paper: this is directly related to safety.

The control system operates on three levels. The carrier monitors its own work: it monitors the release to the line, compliance with schedules, analyzes the causes of disruptions and adjusts schedules. The customer of the service (municipality or region) monitors the execution of the contract based on quality indicators and passenger requests. Government agencies check compliance with mandatory requirements: technical condition, transportation rules, and road safety standards. These levels complement each other: only together they allow you to maintain stable quality.