Читать книгу The Circle of Knowledge: A Classified, Simplified, Visualized Book of Answers - Various - Страница 187
ОглавлениеDESIRABLE ANNUAL VINES
| Common and Botanical Name; Hints on Cultivation | Color, Height and Time in Bloom | Kind of Soil and Light Required |
|---|---|---|
| Hyacinth Bean (Dolichos Lablab).—Sensitive to frost. Makes good screen. Plant one foot apart. | Purple; 15 feet; 4 weeks. | Rich, light; sun. |
| Cup and Saucer Vine (Cobæa scandens).—Rapid climber. Set plants six inches apart. | Purplish, white; 15 feet; 6 weeks. | Rich, light; sun. |
| Allegheny Vine (Adlumia cirrhosa).—For covering bushes. Set eight inches apart. | Pinkish; 10 feet; 3 weeks. | Moist, rich; shade. |
| Ivy-Leaved Gourd (Coccinea cordifolia).—Coccinea Indica is grown for its scarlet fruit.[155] | White; 10 feet; 4 weeks. | Light, rich; sun. |
| Canary-Bird Vine (Tropæolum Canariense).—Not showy, but quick growing. Set eight inches apart. | Canary yellow; 15 feet; 3 weeks. | Light, rich; sun. |
| Balloon Vine (Cardiospermum Halicabum).—Seed vessels like balloons. Set plants ten inches apart. | White; 10 feet; 3 weeks. | Light, rich; sun. |
| Balsam Pear (Momordica Charantia).—Plant seeds outdoors after last frost, else under glass earlier. | Yellow; 10 feet; 3 weeks. | Light, rich; sun. |
| Climbing Nasturtium (Tropæolum majus).—For close screen plant ten inches apart. | Yellow or red; 10 feet; 8 weeks. | Light, rich; sun. |
| Cypress Vine (Ipomœa Quamoclit).—Star-shaped flowers. Finely cut leaves. | Scarlet; 15 feet; 3 weeks. | Light, rich; sun. |
| Scarlet Runner Bean (Phaseolus multiflorus).—Tender perennial with tuberous roots. | Red, white; 18 feet; 4 weeks. | Light, rich; sun. |
| Maurandia (Maurandia Barclaina).—Showy leaves and trumpet-shaped flowers. | White, blue; 10 feet; 2 weeks. | Light, rich; sun. |
FLOWERING SHRUBS AND HEDGE PLANTS
| Names and Descriptions | Height in Feet | Flowering Time | Cultivation and Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spirea (Spiraea Van Houtter).—The most showy of the spireas; flowers in umbels two inches across. Handsome foliage all summer. | 6 | June | Plant in a conspicuous place with ample room. Cut out flowering wood in summer. Thrives anywhere. |
| Spirea (Spiraea, Anthony Waterer).—The only shrub of its season. Flowers crimson red produced successively for six weeks. Good for edging. | 3 | July | Prune off old flower heads as soon as withered to induce good second crop. |
| Mock Orange (Philadelphus coronarius).—Most fragrant white large flowered shrub. Valuable for tall screen. Flowers one and one-half inches across. | 12 | June | Old wood should be cut out from time to time, otherwise the tree gets very ragged. |
| Althea or Rose of Sharon (Hibiscus Syriacus).—The only tall shrub of late summer. Very hardy; leafs late. White or rose flowers. | 12 | August | Good for hedges and screens. Must be planted very early in the autumn. |
| Hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata, var. grandiflora).—Most showy of all summer shrubs. White flowers, shading into pink and persisting all winter. | 6 to 15 | July-August | Prune very completely in winter for quantity of flowers next year. |
| Golden Bell (Forsythia suspensa).—The most showy, early-flowering shrub. Yellow flowers before the leaves. Branches arch over and root at tips. | 5 to 8 | April-May | Plant against a dark background, such as evergreens, or a hillside to set off flowers. |
| Japan Quince (Cydonia Japonica)_.—Earliest bright scarlet flowered shrub. Useful also as a hedge. Plant as specimen. Slow growing. | 4 to 8 | May | Very subject to San Jose scale. Don’t plant near orchards unless systematically sprayed. Stands close pruning. |
| Lilac (Syringa vulgaris).—Very fragrant lilac, white or purple flowers. Grows anywhere, even in partial shade. | 8 to 15 | May-June | Spray with potassium sulphide for mildew in August, September. Do not permit suckers to develop. Prune for form only. |
| Japanese Snowball (Viburnum plicatum).—Largest showy white balls of bloom, better habit than the common snowball and not so subject to plant louse. | 6 to 8 | May-June | Prune as little as possible. Should be planted on lawn as a specimen, or trained on wall of house. |
| Tartarian Honeysuckle (Lonicera Tatarica).—Most fragrant of all the early summer shrubs, especially at dusk. Flowers pink; several varieties red or white. | 8 to 10 | May-June | Plant in shrubbery where its presence is made known by the odor. Valuable as a low screen on seaside. |
| Weigela (Diervilla florida).—Showiest shrub of midsummer. Flowers pink, white, red. Best flowering shrub under big trees. | 6 to 8 | June | Can be planted where other shrubs fail. Free from insects and disease. Cut out old wood to the ground. |
| Wistaria or Wisteria (W. Frutescens).—Handsome hardy, slow-growing, climbing shrub. Flowers in elegant lilac-colored racemes, slightly scented. | 8 to 15 | All Summer | Adapted for screen or trellis. |
| California Privet (Ligustrum ovalifolium).—Fastest growing. Stands salt spray. Good soil binder. Stands severest pruning and can be trained high or low. | 6 to 8 | … | Set six inches deeper than in the nursery and cut back to six inches or less. |
| Regel’s Privet (Ligustrum Ibota, var. Regelianum).—Low growing, denser habit with spreading, drooping branches clothed with white tassels.[156] | 2 to 6 | June | Useful as a border hedge to plantations and along roadways. Should not be planted as a protection. |
| Osage Orange (Maclura pomifera).—Grows in any soil. Makes a dense defensive hedge as far north as Massachusetts. Flowers white. | 3 to 15 | May | Unless regularly trimmed, the top branches will spread. Will exhaust soil on each side for some feet. |
| Japanese Barberry (Berberis Thunbergii).—Foliage down to the ground. Dense compact growth of small spiny branches making effective hedge in winter. | 4 | June | Does not need pruning. Red berries all winter, and foliage red until Christmas. Do not plant in wheat districts. |
| Honey Locust (Gleditschia triacanthos).—The thorniest of all. “Bull strong, horse high and pig tight.” Perfectly hardy. Fast and vigorous grower. Suckers. | 3 to 15 | May | Plant thickly and prune severely. Mice girdle in winter. Spring trimmings must be burned. Needs strict control. |
| Buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica).—The best strong hedge, as dense and tight as honey locust but not so high. Thorny. Never ragged. Moderate grower. | 6 to 10 | … | Spray with kerosene emulsion for hop louse. Old hedges that are out of condition are easily recovered by cutting back. |
| Trifoliate Orange (Citrus trifoliatus).—Best medium height hedge for the South where it is evergreen. Deciduous in the North. Foliage yellow in fall. | … | … | Not reliably hardy north of Philadelphia. White flowers followed by small yellow fruits make it ornamental also. |
| Tamarix (Tamarix Gallica).—Unexcelled for saline and alkaline soils, growing on the salt water’s edge where nothing else will. | 5 to 10 | … | Flowers feathery pink on old wood; on new wood in var. Narbonnensis. Foliage small. |
| Japanese Briar (Rosa rugosa).—The only rose suitable for a hedge. White, pink and red flowers. | 5 to 8 | All Summer | Suited for boundary or screen. |
BEST LAWN GRASSES FOR ALL PURPOSES
| Common and Botanical Name | Region of Use | Lbs. per bushel cleaned seed | Sow per acre bushels alone | Conditions and Uses | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rhode Island Bent (Agrostis canina). | On sandy seasides. | 15 | 13 | For close, fine turf. Color very green. | |
| Creeping Bent (Agrostis alba, var. stolonifera). | Low lying inland and dry valleys of the East. | 15 | 3 | Rapid growing, forms a strong turf, that is improved by heavy rolling or tramping. | |
| Red Top, Fancy Red Top (Agrostis alba, var. vulgaris). | From Tennessee north. | 14 35 | 4 5–6 | Stands hot weather and hard usage. Fills in well with blue grass. | |
| Beach (Ammophila arenaria, A. arundinacea). | On railway cuttings and embankments on the sea coast. | 15 | 3 | 1⁄2 | Dry, loose soils. Holds drifting sands and banks. |
| Biennial Sweet Vernal (Anthoxanthum odoratum). | Useful only to lend fragrance to the lawn when cut. | Used only in mixture two pounds to the acre. | Starts early in spring, and makes new root-leaves all the year after cutting. | ||
| Bermuda (Capriola Dactylon). | Is killed by frost; valueless north of Virginia. A weed in blue grass lawns where it dies early. | 15 | 1⁄2 | Can be used for binding banks. The best lawn grass for the South from Virginia to Florida. Withstands heat and drought. Thrives on poorest soils. | |
| Crested Dog’s Tail (Cynosurus cristatus). | Valuable for shady places and under trees. Also for terraces on deep soil. | 30 | 1 | Same color as Kentucky blue and so mixes well with that. A good bottom grass. Not recommended alone. Prefers rich, moist soil. | |
| Various Leaved Fescue (Festuca heterophylla). | Northern States and on cold, wet soils. | 15 | 1 | 1⁄2 | Does best in cold, moist soils, rich in humus and potash. |
| Sheep’s Fescue (Festuca ovina). | Useful in mixtures for the Northwest and for lands on poorest sands. | 16 | 2 | This is a “bunch” or “stool” grass with very fine foliage and dense dwarf growth for any uplands. | |
| Slender Fescue (Festuca ovina var. tenuifolia). | Dry slopes on lawns or on dry, high situations. | 22 | 1 | 1⁄2 | Finer leaf than sheep’s fescue and stools like that. Recommended only in special situations. |
| Italian Rye (Lolium Italicum). | Very thickly or in mixture as far south as Jacksonville, Fla. | 22 | 2 | 1⁄2 | Very rapid growing and valuable for short, quick effects. Is practically an annual. |
| Pacey’s or English Rye (Lolium perenne var. tenue).[157] | For quick effects in the Middle and Eastern States. | 28 | 2 | Makes good verdure in four weeks. Dies out in two or three years. | |
| Canada Blue (Poa compressa). | Throughout the East and North including Canada on dry sand or clay. | 14 | 3 | Flatter, more wiry stem than the Kentucky grass, also bluer color. Used in the very cheap mixtures as a substitute. | |
| Wood Meadow (Poa memoralis). | Best grass for very shady places in woodland parks. | 19 | 1 | 1⁄2 | Very hardy and early, resisting heat, too. |
| Kentucky Blue (Poa pratensis). | Best lawn grass north of Washington and west to the Allegheny range. | 14 | 3 | Starts early, lasts till frost, fine texture, rich green color, smooth, even growth. Three years to establish. Dislikes some soils. | |
| Rough Stalked Meadow (Poa trivialis). | More shaded portions of lawns or north side of buildings. | 26 | 4–5 | Does not do well on dry land. Forms a fine turf and dense mat. | |
| St. Augustine (Stenotaphrum secundatum, S. Americanum). | Florida and the West Indian Islands. | 26 | 4–5 | Coarse and upright leaf, but keeps green when even Bermuda grass burns out. |
