Читать книгу MNC - Василий Ласовский - Страница 3

“Voy went on after a moment's pause. ‘Of course, in view of the alterations in personality to be induced by this Reality Change, the death of a few men as preliminary is of little importance.’”

– The End of Eternity (Isaac Asimov, 1955)

The book 19+, the idea to write it came to me when I found out that the supposed Face on Mars, according to one version, was discovered 13 years before the Chernobyl accident.

The book The Last Da Vinci, the idea to write it appeared when I found out that some events from my first book, which took place on September 6–10, 2017, occurred immediately before the astronomical event Rapture of the Bride on September 23, 2017 (which also mentioned the date of September 9, 2017).

The idea to write a third book arose on November 3, 2023 at 9:52 pm, when I discovered information that on September 9, 2017, another astronomical event occurred – a mysterious meteorite named 1I/’Oumuamua, passed perihelion – the closest point to the Sun on its trajectory.

This stage marks the invasion of the provincial world of our Solar System by a foreign object that came from somewhere outside.

1I/’Oumuamua

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1I/ʻOumuamua

“1I/ʻOumuamua is the first confirmed interstellar object detected passing through the Solar System. Formally designated 1I/2017 U1, it was discovered by Canadian Robert Weryk using the Pan-STARRS telescope at Haleakalā Observatory, Hawaii, on 19 October 2017, approximately 40 days after it passed its closest point to the Sun on 9 September.

[In terms of fixation time, it is the second, after CNEOS 2014-01-08. Meaning that 1I/’Oumuamua was discovered as an interstellar object first, and then they began to look for similar objects in old digitized images and discovered another, much smaller – about 1 meter, which was registered earlier in the records of 2014, but was not then identified as an interstellar object.]

The name comes from Hawaiian ʻoumuamua 'scout' (from ʻou 'reach out for' and mua, reduplicated for emphasis 'first, in advance of'), and reflects the way the object is like a scout or messenger sent from the distant past to reach out to humanity. It roughly translates to 'first distant messenger'. The first character (not a diacritic) is a Hawaiian ʻokina, not an apostrophe, and is pronounced as a glottal stop; the Pan-STARRS team chose the name in consultation with Ka'iu Kimura and Larry Kimura of the University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo.

Indications of origin

Accounting for Vega's proper motion, it would have taken ʻOumuamua 600,000 years to reach the Solar System from Vega, although it was not in the same part of the sky at that time. Astronomers calculate that 100 years ago the object was 83.9 ± 0.090 billion km; 52.1 ± 0.056 billion mi (561 ± 0.6 AU) from the Sun and traveling at 26.33 km/s with respect to the Sun. This interstellar speed is very close to the mean motion of material in the Milky Way in the neighborhood of the Sun, also known as the local standard of rest (LSR), and especially close to the mean motion of a relatively close group of red dwarf stars. This velocity profile also indicates an extrasolar origin, but appears to rule out the closest dozen stars. In fact, the closeness of ʻOumuamua's velocity to the local standard of rest might mean that it has circulated the Milky Way several times and thus may have originated from an entirely different part of the galaxy.

It is unknown how long the object has been traveling among the stars. The Solar System is likely the first planetary system ʻOumuamua has closely encountered since being ejected from its birth star system, potentially several billion years ago. It has been speculated that the object may have been ejected from a stellar system in one of the local kinematic associations of young stars (specifically, Carina or Columba) within a range of about 100 parsecs, 45 million years ago. The Carina and Columba associations are now very far in the sky from the Lyra constellation, the direction from which ʻOumuamua came when it entered the Solar System. Others have speculated that it was ejected from a white dwarf system and that its volatiles were lost when its parent star became a red giant. About 1.3 million years ago the object may have passed within a distance of 0.16 parsecs (0.52 light-years) to the nearby star TYC 4742-1027-1, but its velocity is too high to have originated from that star system, and it probably just passed through the system's Oort cloud at a relative speed of about 15 km/s (34,000 mph; 54,000 km/h). An August 2018 study using Gaia Data Release 2 updated the possible past close encounters and identified four stars – HIP 3757, HD 292249, Gaia DR2 2502921019565490176, and Gaia DR2 3666992950762141312 – which ʻOumuamua passed relatively close to at moderately low velocities in the past few million years.

Classification

Initially, ʻOumuamua was announced as comet C/2017 U1 (Pan-STARRS) based on a strongly hyperbolic trajectory. In an attempt to confirm any cometary activity, very deep stacked images were taken at the Very Large Telescope later the same day, but the object showed no presence of a coma. Accordingly, the object was renamed A/2017 U1, becoming the first comet ever to be re-designated as an asteroid. Once it was identified as an interstellar object, it was designated 1I/2017 U1, the first member of a new class of objects.

On 27 June 2018, astronomers reported that ʻOumuamua was thought to be a mildly active comet, and not an asteroid, as previously thought. This was determined by measuring a non-gravitational boost to ʻOumuamua's acceleration, consistent with comet outgassing. However, studies submitted in October 2018 suggest that the object is neither an asteroid nor a comet, although the object could be a remnant of a disintegrated interstellar comet (or exocomet), as suggested by astronomer Zdenek Sekanina. <…>

ʻOumuamua was compared to the fictional alien spacecraft Rama due to its interstellar origin. Adding to the coincidence, both the real and the fictional objects are unusually elongated. ʻOumuamua has a reddish hue and unsteady brightness, which are typical of asteroids.

Trajectory

ʻOumuamua entered the Solar System from north of the plane of the ecliptic. The pull of the Sun's gravity caused it to speed up until it reached its maximum speed of 87.71 km/s (315,800 km/h; 196,200 mph) as it passed south of the ecliptic on 6 September, where the Sun's gravity bent its orbit in a sharp turn northward at its closest approach (perihelion) on 9 September at a distance of 0.255 AU (38,100,000 km; 23,700,000 mi) from the Sun, i.e., about 17% closer than Mercury's closest approach to the Sun. It is now heading away from the Sun toward Pegasus, toward a vanishing point 66° from the direction of its approach.”

Perihelion (Greek περί ‘peri’ – around, near, Greek ἥλιος ‘helios’ – the Sun) – the closest point to the Sun in the orbit of a planet or other celestial body of the Solar system, as well as the distance from this point to the center of the Sun (more precisely, the perihelion distance).

Also on the link above there is a picture of its orbit, at first it flies almost directly to the Sun; after flying next to the Sun, it turns at an acute angle (about 70 degrees by eye) and flies further, turning along a hyperbolic trajectory.

Observers: Interstellar asteroid is unlike anything else in the Solar System (link in Russian)

https://smotrim.ru/article/1047112

“As the observations showed, the object has a dark red color. Experts believe that this is the result of millions of years of exposure to cosmic rays. The asteroid rotates around its axis with a period of 7.3 hours, while its brightness changes tenfold.

This means that the shape of the unexpected guest is not like a ball, but like a chip or potato. It is elongated, its length (at least 400 meters) is about ten times the width. Therefore, when an observer sees an asteroid ‘from the end’, he receives ten times less reflected light than when the celestial body is displayed full-length before telescopes.

As stated in the release, ʻOumuamua is not like any other body typical of the Solar system.”

Interstellar object

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_object

“Other interstellar objects

2I/Borisov. The object was discovered on 30 August 2019 at MARGO, Nauchnyy, Crimea by Gennadiy Borisov using his custom-built 0.65-meter telescope. On 13 September 2019, the Gran Telescopio Canarias obtained a low-resolution visible spectrum of 2I/Borisov that revealed that this object has a surface composition not too different from that found in typical Oort Cloud comets. The IAU Working Group for Small Body Nomenclature kept the name Borisov, giving the comet the interstellar designation of 2I/Borisov. On 12 March 2020, astronomers reported observational evidence of ‘ongoing nucleus fragmentation’ from Borisov.

3I/ATLAS. A third object was discovered by ATLAS on 1 July 2025, just inside the orbit of Jupiter at a distance of 4.5 AU from the Sun. It has a record-setting eccentricity of 6.14. The object will come to perihelion on 29 October 2025 11:44 ± 00:02 UT at a distance of 1.356 ± 0.0002 AU (202.855 ± 0.030 million km; 126.048 ± 0.019 million mi) from the Sun. Both inbound and outbound, the object has an interstellar velocity of around 58 km/s.”

As I believe, these objects were found (discovered) due to the development of modern technology, especially computers. In addition to ‘Oumuamua, two more objects were opened in the last 8 years, 2017–2025 (not including ‘space debris’ with a diameter of 0.5–1m).

Of course, it is important to me that ‘Oumuamua was the first object of this type to be discovered, and according to cultural traditions, the first object discovered and identified is more important than subsequent ones. Of course, there is a possibility that such objects will be opened on a regular basis.

‘Oumuamua turned out to be very unusual, its visit gave space to the imagination, attracted people to space topics. His appearance produced a ‘show effect’, which is similar to the Spirit's style of making a bright superficial impression.

It is intriguing that this object has been flying for millions of years towards its goal – to be in a certain place at a certain time (according to my myth-making).

The mystery of ‘Oumuamua: scientists are puzzled about what space object invaded the Solar system (link in Russian)

https://hi-tech.mail.ru/news/53295-zagadka-oumuamua-uchenye-lomayut-golovy-chto-za-kosmicheskiy-obekt-vtorgsya-v-so/

“’Oumuamua is the Hawaiian name for a space visitor who finds himself in our world, which is called a ‘transit’. And in literal translation means: ‘The messenger who arrived first from afar.’

‘We assumed that such objects could exist,‘ Thomas Zurbuchen, one of the scientific supervisors at NASA, said at the time, ‘and now we have seen one of them for the first time. This is a historic discovery.’

The leader of the enthusiasts is not a half-crazed ufologist. Professor Abraham ‘Avi’ Loeb of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics is a member of the President's Council on Science and Technology (USA), an academician of the International Academy of Astronautics. From the very beginning of the ‘visit’, he defended the idea that the ‘messenger’ is man-made.

His book ‘Extraterrestrial: The First Sign of Intelligent Life Beyond Earth’ was recently published. The scientist collected in it all the arguments in favor of the fact that ‘Oumuamua was created and sent to us by aliens. Either accidentally, or intentionally. Here are his arguments:

1. Asteroids are not cylindrical.

2. Asteroids don't accelerate by themselves.

3. Asteroids are not so bright.

<…>

Enthusiasts, of course, remembered Arthur C. Clarke and his science fiction novel ‘Rendezvous with Rama’. The writer turned out to be almost a prophet.

In the novel, the object called Rama also came from the depths of the galaxy, also flew into the Solar system, also turned out to be cylindrical in shape, was also discovered by the service engaged in searching for dangerous asteroids – the Space patrol. And most importantly, it was also initially mistaken for an asteroid.

Astronomers estimate that 'Oumuamua took at least 1 to 4 million years to reach the Solar System.”

Interstellar wanderer has accelerated

(Link doesn't open)

“Last fall, astronomers discovered the first confirmed interstellar object in the Solar System, called ‘Oumuamua (1I/’Oumuamua). It arrived approximately from the direction of the star Vega and passed at a distance of 0.25 AU from the Sun (inside the orbit of Mercury), after which it left along a trajectory that forever takes it out of the sphere of attraction of our sun.

In the latest issue of the Nature magazine, an article has appeared with the results of a new study of the interstellar guest. They indicate that ‘Oumuamua is leaving the Solar System at a faster rate than expected.

This anomalous behavior has been recorded by observatories around the world, including the Hubble Telescope and ESO's Very Large Telescope. The measured acceleration is very small. In general, the movement of ‘Oumuamua still slows down under the influence of the attraction of the Sun, but not so much as follows from the laws of celestial mechanics.

Gas ejection is a phenomenon typical of comets. Observational data suggest that the farther ‘Oumuamua moves away from the Sun, the slower it accelerates. This, again, is a typical sign of comet behavior. The problem is that when ‘Oumuamua flew close to the Sun, astronomers were unable to register any visible traces of gas and dust ejections. [And there's also the problem that if it's rotating on a long axis, it won't be able to accelerate by throwing gas out of one of its ends.]”

‘Oumuamua Riddles: Did an alien ship fly past us? (link in Russian)

https://360tv.ru/tekst/obschestvo/zagadki-oumuamua-mimo-nas-proletel-korabl-prisheltsev/

“It seems to have left its system as a result of some cosmic catastrophe and is moving through space at great speed.”

On November 5, 2023, at 12:28 pm, I had an idea about the ‘three Magi’ as an allusion to the visit of this meteorite to our Solar system.

This meteorite behaved extremely unusually, it rotated (with a cigar-shaped shape), changed its brightness and accelerated. He was doing his best to make sure that he was definitely noticed.

September 9, 2017 – ‘Oumuamua is 17% closer to the Sun than Mercury (approached to a distance of 38.1 million km). The average distance from the Sun to Earth is 149.5 million km.

In early November 2017, the Messenger crossed the orbit of Mars (228 million km), in May 2018 – Jupiter (779 million km), in January 2019 – passed Saturn (1,430 million km), in 2024 ‘Oumuamua will fly beyond Pluto (5,906 million km).

Rama (Hinduism)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama

“Rama (rɑːmə/; IAST: Rāma) is a major deity in Hinduism. He is worshipped as the seventh and one of the most popular avatars of Vishnu. In Rama-centric Hindu traditions, he is considered the Supreme Being. Also considered as the ideal man (maryāda puruṣottama), Rama is the male protagonist of the Hindu epic Ramayana.”

(link in Russian)

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Рама_(индуизм)

“Rama is revered in Hinduism as the seventh avatar of Vishnu, who descended into the world in the last quarter of Treta Yuga about 1.2 million years ago. When Parasurama is engaged in creating and preserving the world order, then Rama as his avatar ‘is called to defend the dignity of marriage, as an expression of the eternal and indissoluble bond between husband and wife.’”

Found on November 5, 2023 at 12:57 pm:

Rendezvous with Rama

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendezvous_with_Rama

“Rendezvous with Rama is a 1973 science fiction novel [publ. at June 1973] by British writer Arthur C. Clarke. Set in the 2130s, the story involves a 50-by-20-kilometre (31-by-12-mile) cylindrical alien starship that enters the Solar System. The story is told from the point of view of a group of human explorers who intercept the ship in an attempt to unlock its mysteries. The novel won the Hugo, Locus, and Nebula awards upon its release, and is regarded as one of the cornerstones in Clarke's bibliography. The concept was later extended with several sequels, written by Clarke and Gentry Lee. <…>

Plot: an asteroid strikes Italy in 2077, prompting the creation of the Spaceguard system to track potentially hazardous objects in space. In 2131, Spaceguard detects an interstellar object entering the Solar System, designating it ‘31/439’ before naming it Rama after the Hindu god. A space probe reveals that Rama is a perfectly smooth cylinder 50 kilometres (31 mi) long and 20 kilometres (12 mi) in diameter, indicating that it was constructed by intelligent beings.

Endeavour is sent to study Rama, being the only ship close enough to do so. <…>

Boris Rodrigo, a crewman who adheres to a space-inspired sect of Christianity, suggests that Rama is a new Noah's Ark that will change course to begin orbiting the sun. <…>

Non-fictional aspects

On 19 October 2017 an incoming interstellar object was discovered by Pan-STARRS, a system similar to Spaceguard. Like Rama, the object had an unusually elongated shape. Before the official Hawaiian name ʻOumuamua was selected by the International Astronomical Union, a popular choice was Rama.”

(link in Russian)

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Свидание_с_Рамой

“See also:

(99942) Apophis is a near-Earth asteroid discovered in 2004.

1I/’Oumuamua is the first interstellar object discovered to fly through the Solar system. Opened on October 19, 2017.”

(99942) Apophis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/99942_Apophis

“99942 Apophis (provisional designation 2004 MN4) is a near-Earth asteroid and a potentially hazardous object, 450 metres (1,480 ft) by 170 metres (560 ft) in size. Observations eliminated the possibility of an impact on Earth in 2029, when it will pass the Earth at a distance of about 31,600 kilometres (19,600 mi) above the surface. <…>

Apophis was discovered on June 19, 2004, by Roy A. Tucker, David J. Tholen, and Fabrizio Bernardi at the Kitt Peak National Observatory. <…>

When first discovered, the object received the provisional designation 2004 MN4, and early news and scientific articles naturally referred to it by that name. Once its orbit was sufficiently well calculated, it received the permanent number 99942 (on June 24, 2005). Receiving a permanent number made it eligible for naming by its discoverers, and they chose the name ‘Apophis’ on July 19, 2005. Apophis is the Greek name of Apep, an enemy of the Ancient Egyptian Sun-god Ra. He is the Uncreator, an evil serpent that dwells in the eternal darkness of the Duat and tries to swallow Ra during his nightly passage. Apep is held at bay by Set, the Ancient Egyptian god of storms and the desert.”

I noticed that the date of discovery of Apophis occurred exactly 19 years (day to day!) after the explosion of my room on June 19, 1985. It is also interesting that its number 99942 (the numbers in names are issued sequentially) can be divided into two numbers: 999 (inverted 666) and 42. And of course, the ‘historical reference’ that its name was chosen in honor of the Serpent-destroyer who tried to destroy the Sun-Ra is interesting.

The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (novel, link in Russian)

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Автостопом_по_Галактике_(роман)

“Date of first publication: October 12, 1979.

27. Arthur watches the recording. To hear from the ‘Deep Thought’ the answer to the Main question, crowds of people gathered. Loonquawl and Phouchg ask what the answer is, and hear, ‘Forty-two’.

In Douglas Adams’ Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, ‘The Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything’ was supposed to solve all the problems of the Universe. This answer was eagerly awaited by all sentient races. It was obtained as a result of seven and a half million years of continuous computing on a specially created thinking computer (Deep Thought). According to the computer, the answer was checked several times for correctness, but it may upset everyone. It turned out that the answer to the question is ‘42’.

The reaction was:

‘Forty-two!’ yelled Loonquawl. ‘Is that all you’ve got to show for seven and a half million years’ work?’”

The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (film)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hitchhiker%27s_Guide_to_the_Galaxy_(film)

“Shooting was completed in August 2004, and the film was released on 28 April 2005 in Europe, Australia and New Zealand, and on the following day in Canada and the United States.”

What is the distance from Earth to the nearest star Proxima Centauri? (link in Russian)

https://otvet.mail.ru/question/9329896

“The distance from the Earth to the Sun is 150,000,000 kilometers. Since light travels at a speed of 300,000 km/sec, it takes 8 minutes for it to travel the distance from the Sun to the Earth. The closest stars to us are Proxima Centauri and Alpha Centauri. The distance from them to the Earth is 270,000 times greater than the distance from the Sun to the Earth. That is, the distance from us to these stars is 270,000 times greater than 150,000,000 kilometers! Their light takes 4.5 years to reach the Earth.”

The distance from the Sun to the heliopause zone is estimated at 130–150 AU (one AU is equal to the distance from the Earth to the Sun), or 19.5–22.5 billion km.

If the Earth–Sun distance is taken as 1 millimeter, then the nearest star is 268 meters away.

If our sun is reduced to the size of a match head, then the distance to the nearest star will be approximately 1 kilometer.

The nearest star from the Sun, Proxima Centauri. Its diameter is seven times smaller than the Sun, and the same applies to its mass. Its luminosity is 0.17% that of the Sun.