Читать книгу Evaluation in Today’s World - Veronica G. Thomas - Страница 49

While research and evaluation serve different purposes, historical knowledge of research ethics can be valuable in helping evaluators understand the state of contemporary evaluation ethics and why ethics remains an important issue. Research ethics are core professional behaviors and institutional and federal standards by which every researcher is guided to protect the dignity, rights, and welfare of research participants. However, there have not always been explicit ethical codes and principles to guide the behavior of researchers. In the 1900s, no regulations existed regarding the ethical use of human participants in research. The field of research ethics has largely been built upon disastrous and egregious treatment of research participants, particularly when those individuals were poor or from minority or other vulnerable populations. The sections that follow provide a brief history of research ethics. More detailed historical perspectives can be found elsewhere (e.g., Kitchener & Kitchener, 2009; National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, 1978).