Читать книгу Geochemistry and the Biosphere - Vladimir I. Vernadsky - Страница 7
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Introduction by Academician Alexander Yanshin
1 Geochemistry as a Science of the Twentieth Century
2 Forms of Existence of Chemical Elements
chemical elements in the earth’s crust; their forms of existence and classification
1 Geochemistry Classification of Chemical Elements
2 Forms of Existence of Chemical Elements
3 Geochemistry of Iodine and Bromine
4 Living Organisms in the Earth’s Crust
7 Matter in a State of Dispersion
carbon and living matter in the earth’s crust
1 Carbon in Different Geospheres and Its Role
2 The Stability of Carbon Minerals
3 Dispersion of Carbides
4 Primary Carbides
5 Petroleum and Its Formation
6 The Primary Geochemical Carbon Cycle
7 Earth’s Gases and Living Matter
8 Living Matter and the Geochemical History of Carbon
9 Spreading of Living Matter in the Biosphere and the Geochemical Importance of the Proliferation of Organisms
10 The Quantity of Carbon in Living Matter
11 The Constancy of the Mass of Living Matter
12 Chemical Structure of the Earth’s Crust
13 Organisms: Concentrators of Chemical Elements
14 Carbonic Acid as the Main Source of Carbon in Living Matter
15 The Dynamic Balance of the Carbonic Acid in the Atmosphere
16 The Cycle of Life
17 Incomplete Reversibility of the Cycle of Life
18 The Geological Cycle of Calcium Carbonate
19 Redi’s Principle
20 The Energy of Living Matter and Carnot’s Principle
21 The Free Energy of the Biosphere and Living Matter
22 Geochemical Activities of Man
The Biosphere in Its Cosmic Environment
The Biosphere as the Reason For the Transformation of Cosmic Energy
An Empirical Generalization and a Hypothesis
Living Matter in the Biosphere
Propagation of Organisms and Geochemical Energy of Living Matter
The Green Living Matter
Some Remarks on Living Matter in the Mechanism of the Biosphere
The Biosphere; the Earth’s Envelope
The Living Matter of the First and the Second Order in the Biosphere
The Limits of Life
The Boundaries of Life in the Biosphere
Life in the Hydrosphere
Geochemical Cycle of Vital Aggregations and Living Films of the Hydrosphere
The Living Matter of the Land
The Interconnection of the Hydrosphere and the Terrestrial Vital Films
