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With automation, operators can often respond to situations faster as they arise. Better information is available to more quickly troubleshoot issues, and action can be immediately taken through the control system instead of travelling to the affected location. Improved responsiveness can also result in reduced travel time and labor. It is important to point out that, for many utilities, operators are required to travel to the location of an alarm to investigate the problem. However, proper automation can help identify problems, improve data collection, and increase the ability to “fail” in a predictable manner, thereby improving the overall response to upsets or alarm conditions.

FIGURE 2.1 Performance comparison for a WRRF with manual and automatic SRT process control (Tchobanoglous, 2003).