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Payback period, return on investment (ROI), and net present value (NPV) are commonly used analyses that incorporate tangible costs and benefits. These analyses are commonly used in the private sector and focus on the financial benefits or payback of a particular investment. The focus on immediate and measurable returns has deemphasized the incorporation of intangible costs and benefits to the analysis. Although comprehensive coverage of the topics of financial analysis is beyond the scope of this chapter, this section discusses different types of analysis and how they apply to automation projects.