Читать книгу Portrait of Mass Murder - Welby Thomas Cox Jr. - Страница 2

The Author:

“The Indian tribes on the plains, altogether, with those of New Mexico, Texas, California, and Arizona, do not exceed 300,000, including Indians, squaws, and papooses. They are as follows:

_Dakota._--Sioux (pronounced Soos), of these there are several bands, under chiefs for each band, called Yanktons, Poncas, Lower Brules, Lower Yanctonais, Two Kettle Sioux, Blackfeet, Minneconjons, Uncpapas Ogallahs, Upper Yanctonais, Sansarc, Wahpeton Sioux, Arickarees, Gros Ventres, Mandans, Assinaboins, Sipetons, Santee.

This nation is the most numerous and warlike, numbering 31,534. They range from Kansas, on the Republican River, to Winnepeg, on the north. A treaty was made with these in 1868, between General Sherman, General Harney (an old Indian fighter), General Augur, General Sanborn, General Terry, Colonel Tappan, and Mr. Taylor, Commissioner, all of the Peace Commission, on the part of the government, at Fort Laramie, now Wyoming Territory, with Ma-za-pon-kaska, Tah-shun-ka-co-qui-pah, Heh-non-go-chat, Mah-to-non-pah, Little Chief, Makh-pi-ah-hi-tah, Co-cam-i-ya-ya, Can-te-pe-ta, Ma-wa-tan-ni-hav-ska, He-na-pin-na-ni-ca, Wah-pa-shaw, and other chiefs and headmen of different tribes of Sioux. This treaty, among other things, contained an agreement that, "If bad men among the whites should commit any wrong on the property or persons of Indians, the United States would punish them and pay for all losses. (Sure/Author)

"If bad men among the Indians shall do wrong to white men, black, or Indian, the Indians making the treaty shall deliver up the wrong-doer to the government, to be tried and punished; also agreeing about certain lands for reservations, farms, annuities of goods, etc., to be paid them instead of money, thus:

For each male person over fourteen years of age, a suit of good substantial woolen clothing, etc. Each female over twelve, a flannel skirt, or goods to make it, a pair of woolen hose, twelve yards calico, and twelve yards cotton domestics, etc. ten dollars in money for those who roam and hunt, twenty for those who engage in farming. For such as farm, a good American cow and one pair broken oxen.

1 The Indians agreed to withdraw all opposition to railroads built on the plains.

2 They will not attack any persons at home, or traveling, nor molest or disturb any wagon trains, coaches, mules, or cattle belonging to the people of the United States, or to persons friendly therewith.

3 They will never capture or carry off from the settlements white women or children.

4 They will never kill or scalp white men, nor attempt to do them harm. The government agrees to furnish to the Indians a physician, teachers, carpenter, miller, engineer, farmer, and blacksmiths, and ten of the best farmers shall receive five hundred dollars a year who will grow the best crops."

The names of the chiefs who signed the treaty are as follows:

_Brule Sioux._

Ma-za-pon-kaska, his x mark, Iron Shell.

Wah-pat-thah, Red Leaf.

Hah-tah-pah, Black Horn.

Zin-tak-gah-lat-skah, Spotted Tail.

Zin-tah-skah, White Tail.

Me-wah-tak-ne-ho-skah, Tall Mandas.

He-cha-chat-kah, Bad Left Hand.

No-mah-no-pah, two and Two.

Spotted Tail, who was at Fort D. A. Russell in 1868, just after the treaty, wore a coon-skin cap,--hence called Spotted Tail. Each chief gets his peculiar name from some event in his life, or some peculiarity of person, as for instance,--

Tah-shun-ka-co-qui-pah, Man-afraid-of-his-horses. His horse stampeded one day, when his tribe was fighting some other one, and ran into the ranks of the enemy. When his owner got back again, he left his horse behind and _went in_ (as we say), on foot, to fight again. It is not a term of reproach, as he was not a coward, but did not want to lose his horse,--hence called "Man-afraid-of-his-horses."

_Ogallahs._

Tah-shun-ka-co-qui-pah, his x mark, Man-afraid-of-his-horses.

Sha-ton-skah, his x mark, White Hawk.

Sha-ton-sapah, his x mark, Black Hawk.

E-ga-mon-ton-ka-sapah, his x mark, Black Tiger.

Oh-wah-she-cha, his x mark, Bad Wound.

Pah-gee, his x mark, Grass.

Wah-non-reh-che-geh, his x mark, Ghost Heart.

Con-reeh, his x mark, Crow.

Oh-he-te-kah, his x mark, The Brave.

Tah-ton-kah-he-yo-ta-kah, his x mark, Sitting Bull.

Shon-ka-oh-wah-mon-ye, his x mark, Whirlwind Dog.

Ha-hah-kah-tah-miech, his x mark, Poor Elk.

Wam-bu-lee-wah-kon, his x mark, Medicine Eagle.

Chon-gah-ma-he-to-hans-ka, his x mark, High Wolf.

Wah-se-chun-ta-shun-kah, his x mark, American Horse.

Mah-hah-mah-ha-mak-near, his x mark, Man that walks under the ground.

Mah-to-tow-pah, his x mark, Four Bears.

Ma-to-wee-sha-kta, his x mark, One that kills the bear.

Oh-tah-kee-toka-wee-chakta, his x mark, One that kills in a hard place.

Tah-tonka-skah, his x mark, White Bull.

Con-ra-washta, his x mark, Pretty Coon.

Ha-cah-cah-she-chah, his x mark, Bad Elk.

Wa-ha-ka-zah-ish-tah, his x mark, Eye Lance.

Ma-to-ha-ke-tah, his x mark, Bear that looks behind.

Bella-tonka-tonka, his x mark, Big Partisan.

Mah-to-ho-honka, his x mark, Swift Bear.

To-wis-ne, his x mark, Cold Place.

Ish-tah-skah, his x mark, White Eyes.

Ma-ta-loo-zah, his x mark, Fast Bear.

As-hah-kah-nah-zhe, his x mark, Standing Elk.

Can-te-te-ki-ya, his x mark, The Brave Heart.

Shunka-shaton, his x mark, Day Hawk.

Tatanka-wakon, his x mark, Sacred Bull.

Mapia-shaton, his x mark, Hawk Cloud.

Ma-sha-a-ow, his x mark, Stands and Comes.

Shon-ka-ton-ka, his x mark, Big Dog.

Tah-ton-kak-ta-miech, The Poor Bull.

Oh-huns-ee-ga-non-sken, Mad Shade.

Thah-ton-oh-na-an-minne-ne-oh-minne, Whirling Hand.

Mah-to-chun-ka-oh, Bear's Back.

Che-ton-wee-koh, Fool Hawk.

Wah-ho-ke-zah-ah-hah, One that has the Lance.

Shon-gah-manni-toh-tan-kak-seh, Big Wolf Foot.

Eh-ton-kah, Big Mouth.

Granny B. Continuing:

"Dis wus de first indian oi saw at norn platte, whaen we came dare in 1867. lookin' oyt av de car windy av de train, oi called me wife's attenshun ter big indian, an' said, "did yer ever clap such gollier gob before?" sure enoof, it wus de chief, an' yer man wus killed in a drunken row in dakota recently, 'avin' been shot by spotted tail.”

Translation:

“This was the first Indian I saw at North Platte, when we came there in 1867. Looking out of the car window of the train, I called my wife's attention to big Indian, and said, "Did you ever see such a big mouth before?" Sure enough, it was the chief, and he was killed in a drunken row in Dakota recently, having been shot by Spotted Tail.”

Ma-pa-che-tah, Bad Hand.

Wah-ke-gun-shah, Red Thunder.

Wak-sah, One that cuts off.

Cham-nom-qui-yah, One that presents the Pipe.

Wah-ke-ke-yan-puh-tah, Fire Thunder.

Mah-to-nenk-pah-ze, Bear with Yellow Ears.

Con-reh-teh-kah, The Little Crow.

He-hup-pah-toh, The Blue War Club.

Shon-kee-toh, The Blue Horse.

Wam-balla-oh-conguo, Quick Eagle.

Ta-tonka-juppah, Black Bull.

Mo-to-ha-she-na, The Bear Hide.

_Yanctonais._

Mah-to-non-pah, his x mark, Two Bears.

Mah-to-hna-skin-ya, his x mark, Mad Bear.

He-o-pu-za, his x mark, Lousy.

Ah-ke-che-tah-che-ca-dan, his x mark, Little Soldier.

Mah-to-e-tan-chan, his x mark, Chief Bear.

Cu-wi-h-win, his x mark, Rotten Stomach.

Skun-ka-we-tko, his x mark, Fool Dog.

Ish-ta-sap-pah, his x mark, Black Eye.

Ih-tan-chan, his x mark, the Chief.

I-a-wi-ca-ka, his x mark, The One who tells the Truth.

Ah-ke-che-tah, his x mark, The Soldier.

Ta-shi-na-gi, his x mark, Yellow Robe.

Nah-pe-ton-ka, his x mark, Big Hand.

Chan-tee-we-kto, his x mark, Fool Heart.

Hog-gan-sah-pa, his x mark, Black Catfish.

Mah-to-wah-kan, his x mark, Medicine Bear.

Shun-ka-kan-sha, his x mark, Red Horse.

Wan-rode, his x mark, The Eagle.

Can-hpi-sa-pa, his x mark, Black Tomahawk.

War-he-le-re, his x mark, Yellow Eagle.

Cha-ton-che-ca, his x mark, Small Hawk, or Long Fare.

Shu-ger-mon-e-too-ha-ska, his x mark, Tall Wolf.

Ma-to-u-tah-kah, his x mark, Sitting Bear.

Hi-ha-cah-ge-na-skene, his x mark, Mad Elk.

_Arapahoes._

Little Chief, his x mark.

Tall Bear, his x mark.

Top Man, his x mark.

Neva, his x mark.

The Wounded Bear, his x mark.

Whirlwind, his x mark.

The Fox, his x mark.

The Dog Big Mouth, his x mark.

Spotted Wolf, his x mark.

_Minneconjons._

Heh-non-ge-chat, One Horn.

Oh-pon-ah-tah-e-manne, The Elk that bellows Walking.

Heb-ho-lah-reh-cha-skah, Young White Bull.

Wah-cha-chum-kah-coh-kee-pah, One that is afraid of Shield.

He-hon-ne-shakta, The Old Owl.

Moe-pe-a-toh, Blue Cloud.

Oh-pong-ge-le-skah, Spotted Elk.

Tah-tonk-ka-hon-ke-schne, Slow Bull.

Shunk-a-nee-skah-skah-a-tah-pe, The Dog Chief.

Mah-to-tab-tonk-kah, Bull Bear.

Wom-beh-le-ton-kah, The Big Eagle.

Ma-to-eh-schne-lah, his x mark, the Lone Bear.

Mah-toh-ke-su-yah, his x mark, The One who remembers the Bear.

Ma-toh-oh-he-to-keh, his x mark, the Brave Bear.

Eh-che-ma-heh, his x mark, The Runner.

Ti-ki-ya, his x mark, The Hard.

He-ma-za, his x mark, Iron Horn.

Sorrel Horse.

Black Coal.

Big Wolf.

Knock-Knee.

Black Crow.

The Lone Old Man.

Paul.

Black Bull.

Big Track.

Black White.

Yellow Hair.

Little Shield.

Black Bear.

Wolf Moccasin.

Big Robe.

Wolf Chief.

Friday.

The Foot.

And lastly, "Stinking Saddle-Cloth!"

_Uncpapa Sioux._

Co-kam-i-ya-ya, his x mark, The Man that goes in the Middle.

Ma-to-ca-wa-weksa, his x mark, Bear Rib.

Ta-to-ka-in-yan-ke, his x mark, Running Antelope.

Kan-gi-wa-ki-ta, his x mark, Looking Crow.

A-ki-ci-ta-han-ska, his x mark, Long Soldier.

Wa-ku-te-ma-ni, his x mark, The One who shoots Walking.

Un-kea-ki-ka, his x mark, The Magpie.

Kan-gi-o-ta, his x mark, Plenty Crow.

He-ma-za, his x mark, Iron Horn.

Shun-ka-i-na-pin, his x mark, Wolf Necklace.

I-we-hi-yu, his x mark, The Man who Bleeds from the Mouth.

He-ha-ka-pa, his x mark, Elk Head.

I-zu-za, his x mark, Grind Stone.

Shun-ka-wi-tko, his x mark, Fool Dog.

Ma-kpi-ya-po, his x mark, Blue Cloud.

Wa-mln-pi-lu-ta, his x mark, Red Eagle.

Ma-to-can-te, his x mark, Bear's Heart.

A-ki-ci-ta-i-tau-can, his x mark, Chief Soldier.

_Blackfeet Sioux._

Can-te-pe-ta, his x mark, Fire Heart.

Wan-mdi-kte, his x mark, The One who kills Eagle.

Sho-ta, his x mark, Smoke.

Wan-mdi-ma-ni, his x mark, Walking Eagle.

Wa-shi-cun-ya-ta-pi, his x mark, Chief White Man.

Kan-gi-i-yo-tan-ke, his x mark, Sitting Crow.

Pe-ji, his x mark, The Grass.

Kda-ma-ni, his x mark, The One that rattles as he Walks.

Wah-han-ka-sa-pa, his x mark, Black Shield.

Can-te-non-pa, his x mark, Two Hearts.

_Ogallalla Sioux._

To-ka-in-yan-ka, his x mark, The One who goes ahead Running.

Ta-tan-ka-wa-kin-yan, his x mark, Thunder Bull.

Sin-to-min-sa-pa, his x mark, All over Black.

Can-i-ca, his x mark, The One who took the Stick.

Pa-tan-ka, his x mark, Big Head.

_Two-Kettle Band._

Ma-wa-tan-ni-han-ska, his x mark, Long Mandan.

Can-kpe-du-ta, his x mark, Red War Club.

Can-ka-ga, his x mark, The Log.

_Sansareh Sioux._

He-na-pin-wa-ni-ca, his x mark, The One that has neither Horn.

Wa-inlu-pi-lu-ta, his x mark, Red Plume.

Ci-tan-gi, his x mark, Yellow Hawk.

He-na-pin-wa-ni-ca, his x mark, No Horn.

_Santee Sioux._

Wa-pah-shaw, his x mark, Red Ensign.

Wah-koo-tay, his x mark, Shooter.

Hoo-sha-sha, his x mark, Red Legs.

O-wan-cha-du-ta, his x mark, Scarlet all over.

Wau-mace-tan-ka, his x mark, Big Eagle.

Cho-tan-ka-e-na-pe, his x mark, Flute-player.

Ta-shun-ke-mo-za, his x mark, His Iron Dog.

_In Washington Territory_ are five bands, such as the Spokans, Pend d'Oreilles, etc., in all 9,285

_California._--Seven bands, such as Wylackies, 25,225

_Arizona._--Apaches, Yumas, Mohaves, 31,570

_Oregon._--Walla-Wallas, Cayuses, 10,942

_Utah._--Utahs and Utes, 25,250

_Nevada._--Pi-utes, Shoshones, Bannacks, Washoes, etc. 8,200

_New Mexico._--Navajoes, Pueblos, Jicarilla Apaches, etc. (with 2000 captives held in peonage,--_i.e._ slavery) 20,036

_Colorado._--U-in-tak, Utes 5,000

_Dakota_, including Wyoming, set off from Dakota:

Yancton Sioux 2,500

Poncas 979

Lower Brules 1,600

Lower Yanctonais 2,250

Two-Kettle Sioux 750

Blackfeet 1,200

Minneconjons 3,060

Uncpapas 3,000

Ogallallas 3,000

Upper Yanctonais 2,400

Sansarc 720

Wahpeton Sioux 1,637

Arickarees 1,500

Gros Ventres 400

Mandans 400

Assinaboins 2,640

Sissetons and other Sioux 3,500

------

31,534

_Montana._--Piegans, Blackfeet, Flatheads, Gros Ventres, Kootenays, Crows, etc. 19,560

_Nebraska and Kansas._--Winnebagoes, Omahas, Pawnees, Sacs and Foxes of Missouri, Iowas, Cheyennes, Arapahoes, and Sautee Sioux 17,995

_Central Agency, in Kansas and Indian Territory._-- Pottawatamies, Shawnees, Delaware, Osages, Senecas, Kaws, Kickapoos, Ottawas, Comanches, Arapahoes, Cheyennes, and Apaches 17,422

_Southern Agency, Cherokee Country._--Creeks, Cherokees, Choctaws, Chickasaws, Seminoles, Wichitas, Keechies, Wolves, Tuscaroras, Caddoes, Shawnees, Delawares, etc.

48,145

_Green Bay Agency._--Oneidas, Menominees, and Munsees

3,036

_Wisconsin._--Chippeways of Mississippi 6,179

_Lake Superior._--Chippewas, etc., wandering 6,114

_Mackinac._--Pottawatamies, etc. 8,099

_New York State._--Cattaraugas, Cayugas, Onondagas, with Senecas, Allegany, Tonawandas, Tuscaroras, Oneidas, Onondagas 4,136

-------

Total 298,528

************

Grannie B.:

“friday wus foun' on de plains many years ago, while a lad, by owl lad de smet, a jesuit missionary, an' taken ter st. louis, wha yer man wus educated. yer man returned again ter 'is tribe, an' leads a rovin' life. in november, 1869, yer man came ter our post wi' medicine-man, wee wolf, sorrel 'orse, an' cut-foot, 'avin' been broot down by general augur, commander av de department av de platte, ter go up de union pacific railroad, as far as wind river valley, ter meet auld waskakie, noggin chief av de shoshones, an' ter make a treaty wi' 'is tribe, fearin' de southern sioux an' cheyenne’s wud make war upon friday's ban', whic numbered only fifteen ton. not findin' waskakie on 'is reservashun, they waited several weeks for 'is return from de mountains, wha yer man wus gone on a 'unt for 'is winter's supply av buffalo an' dare meat. after waitin' as long as they cud, de arapahoes lef sum av their arrows for waskakie, dat yer man might nu they 'ad been dare, an' also brought back sum av de shoshones' arrows, ter convince de arapahoe indians dat they 'ad fulfilled their mission."

Translation:

(“Friday was found on the Plains many years ago, while a lad, by Father de Smet, a Jesuit missionary, and taken to St. Louis, where he was educated. He returned again to his tribe, and leads a roving life. In November, 1869, he came to our post with Medicine-Man, Little Wolf, Sorrel Horse, and Cut-Foot, having been brought down by General Augur, Commander of the Department of the Platte, to go up the Union Pacific Railroad, as far as Wind River Valley, to meet old Waskakie, head chief of the Shoshones, and to make a treaty with his tribe, fearing the

Southern Sioux and Cheyenne’s would make war upon Friday's band, which numbered only fifteen hundred. Not finding Waskakie on his reservation, they waited several weeks for his return from the mountains, where he was gone on a hunt for his winter's supply of buffalo and deer meat.

After waiting as long as they could, the Arapahoes left some of their arrows for Waskakie, that he might know they had been there, and also brought back some of the Shoshones' arrows, to convince the Arapahoe Indians that they had fulfilled their mission.")

Grannie B. continuing:

"At dis time, Froiday 'ad a bonny set av arrows, bow an' quiver, which oi desired ter purchase an' shenanagans east, ter show sunday-school children de weapons av indian warfare, an' 'oy they kill their game, friday wud not flog 'is "outfit," as so'tiz called, for nicker, but wus willin' ter "trade" for a revolver, wi' whaich yer man said yer man cud 'unt buffalo. at first, de indian agent said it wus unlawful ter flog firearms an' ammunishun ter de indians. dis oi towl Froiday. yer man den said, "_well, let's trade on de sly_." dis oi declined ter chucker. but after a few days, oi got permission, an' tuk Froiday into cheyenne, ter select de pistol. after pickin' oyt a gran' wan, yer man den begged for bullet-mud, lead, powder, an' caps. a trade is never complete wi' an indian as long as yer man sees anythin' yer man can git added ter de bargain. general duncan, av de 5th cavalry, tells me av wan av 'is trades wi' a red paddy at fort laramie. 'is wee fella tuk a fancy ter an indian pony wan day, an' de general offered ter exchange a nice _mule_ for de pony. dis wus soon done an' settled, as de general supposed. but next day de indian came back an' demanded sum tobacco, sugar, flour."

Translation:

(At this time, Friday had a beautiful set of arrows, bow and quiver, which I desired to purchase and carry east, to show Sunday-school children the weapons of Indian warfare, and how they kill their game, Friday would not sell his "outfit," as it is called, for money, but was willing to "trade" for a revolver, with which he said he could hunt buffalo. At first, the Indian agent said it was unlawful to sell firearms and ammunition to the Indians. This I told Friday. He then said, "_Well, let's trade on the sly_." This I declined to do. But after a few days, I got permission, and took Friday into Cheyenne, to select the pistol. After picking out a good one, he then begged for bullet-mold, lead, powder, and caps. A trade is never complete with an Indian as long as he sees anything he can get added to the bargain.

General Duncan, of the 5th Cavalry, tells me of one of his trades with a red man at Fort Laramie. His little boy took a fancy to an Indian pony one day, and the general offered to exchange a nice _mule_ for the pony. This was soon done and settled, as the general supposed. But next day the Indian came back and demanded some tobacco, sugar, flour.)

Grannie B. continuing:

"what for?" demanded de general. de indian gave 'imself ter understand that yer man did trade 'orses, but as de mule 'ad wee or naw tail, an' the pony a long wan, _he wanted de sugar, tobacco, an' flour ter make up for de tail_! after Froiday an' 'is fellow-chiefs 'ad lef us, some one wrote dis ter a chicago paper, as follows:"

Translation:

("What for?" demanded the general. The Indian gave him to understand that he did trade horses, but as the mule had little or no tail, and the pony a long one, _he wanted the sugar, tobacco, and flour to make up for the tail_! After Friday and his fellow-chiefs had left us, some one wrote this to a Chicago paper, as follows:")