Читать книгу From Traditional Fault Tolerance to Blockchain - Wenbing Zhao - Страница 27

There are two primary approaches to improving the dependability of distributed systems: (1) fault avoidance: build and use high quality software components and hardware that are less prone to failures; (2) fault detection and diagnosis: while crash faults are trivial to detect, components in a practical system might fail in various ways other than crash, and if not detected, the integrity of the system cannot be guaranteed; and (3) fault tolerance: a system is able to recover from various faults without service interruption if the system employs sufficient redundancy so that the system can mask the failures of a portion of its components, or with minimum service interruption if the system uses less costly dependability means such as logging and checkpointing.