Читать книгу The Popular Religion and Folk-Lore of Northern India (Vol. 1&2) - William Crooke - Страница 4

FOLK-LORE OF NORTHERN INDIA.

CHAPTER I.

THE GODLINGS OF NATURE.

The Deva.

The Deotâ.

Godlings Pure and Impure.

Sûraj Nârâyan, the Sun Godling.

Village Worship of Sûraj Nârâyan.

Sun-worship among the non-Aryan Races.

Sun-worship in the Domestic Ritual.

Moon-worship.

Eclipses and the Fire Sacrifice.

Eclipse Observances.

Star-worship.

The Rainbow.

The Milky Way.

Earth-worship.

Worship of Mother Earth.

Earth-worship among the Drâvidians.

Secrecy in Worship of Mother Earth.

Thunder and Lightning.

Earthquakes.

River-worship.

Springs Connected with the Ganges.

Sacred River Junctions.

Ill-omened Streams.

Origin of River-worship.

Floods and Drowning People.

Khwâja Khizr, the God of Water.

The Folk-lore of Wells.

Sacred Wells.

Hot Springs.

Waterfalls.

Sacred Lakes.

The Lake of the Fairy Gifts.

The Shâhgarh Lake.

Other Sacred Tanks.

Mountain-worship; the Himâlaya.

Mountain-worship among the Drâvidians.

Respect Paid to the Vindhya and Kaimûr Ranges.

Other Famous Hills.

The Spirits of the Air.

Bhîmsen, a Weather Godling.

Demoniacal Control of the Weather.

Rain-making and Nudity.

Rites Special to Women.

Other Rites to bring Rain.

Devices to Cause Rain to Cease.

Hail and Whirlwind.

Aerolites.

CHAPTER II.

THE HEROIC AND VILLAGE GODLINGS.

The Heroic Godlings.

Hanumân.

Hanumân as a Village Godling.

Worship of Bhîmsen.

Pillar-worship of Bhîmsen.

Worship of Bhîshma.

Worship of the Local Godlings.

Village Shrines.

Identification of the Local Godling.

Worship of Dwâra Gusâîn.

Worship of Bhûmiya.

Worship of Bhairon.

Worship of Ganesa.

The Worship of the Great Mothers.

Mother-worship in Gujarât.

Mother-worship in Upper India.

The Jungle Mothers.

Other Mother Goddesses.

Worship of Gansâm Deo.

Worship of Dântan Deo and Lalitâ.

Worship of Dûlha Deo, the Bridegroom Godling.

CHAPTER III.

THE GODLINGS OF DISEASE.

The Demoniacal Theory of Disease.

Sîtalâ, the Goddess of Small-pox.

Connection of Sîtalâ with Human Sacrifice.

Small-pox Worship in Bengal.

Mâtangî Saktî and Masân.

Journey forbidden during an Epidemic of Small-pox.

Observances during Small-pox Epidemics.

Minor Disease Godlings.

Hardaul Lâla, the Cholera Godling.

Exorcism of the Cholera Demon.

Cholera caused by Witchcraft.

The Demon of Cattle Disease.

Other Cholera Godlings.

Exorcism of Disease.

Methods of Rural Exorcism.

Exorcism by Dancing.

Flagellation.

Treatment of Sorcerers.

Appointment of Ojhas.

Fraud in Exorcism.

Disease Charms.

Rag Offerings.

Disease Transference.

Scapegoats.

Demons Scared by Noise.

Disease Scapegoats.

CHAPTER IV.

THE WORSHIP OF THE SAINTED DEAD.

Ancestor-worship: its Origin.

Among the Aryans and Drâvidians.

Spirits Mortal.

Ancestors Re-born in Children.

The Srâddha.

Degradation of Ancestor-worship.

Worship of Worthies.

The Sâdhu.

Miracle-working Tombs.

The Satî.

The Satî and the Pitri.

Modern Saints.

Deification in Modern Times.

Shaikh Bûrhan.

Salîm Chishti.

Deification of Noted Persons.

Harshu Pânrê.

Ratan Pânrê.

Mahenî.

Nâhar Khân.

Gangânâth and Bholanâth.

Bhairwanand.

Vyâsa.

Vâlmîki.

Various Saints.

Deified Robbers.

Râja Lâkhan.

Râja Chandol.

Belâ.

Jokhaiya.

Ramâsa Pîr.

Râê Sinh.

The Pîrs and Sayyids.

The Panj Pîr.

Caste Saints.

Domestic Worship of the Pîr.

The Pachpiriyas.

The Pânch Pîr and the Pândavas.

Ghâzi Miyân.

Sakhi Sarwar.

Gûga Pîr.

Gûga and Snake-worship.

Worship of Tejajî.

Worship of Bâba Farîd Shakkarganj.

Minor Saints.

Villages Overturned.

Malâmat Shâh.

Miyân Ahmad.

Shaikh Saddû.

Shrines Which Cure Disease.

Sayyid Yûsuf.

Wonder-working Tombs.

The Nine-yard Tombs.

Shrines with Images or Relics.

The Curing of Barrenness.

Harmless Saints and Godlings.

CHAPTER V.

WORSHIP OF THE MALEVOLENT DEAD.

Spirits of the Dead Hostile.

Savage Theory of Dreams.

The Separable Soul.

The Bhût.

Shrines to Persons Accidentally Killed.

Second Marriage and Bhûts.

Food of Bhûts.

Posture of Bhûts.

Tests of Bhûts.

Spirit Lovers.

Spirit Entries: The Head.

The Mouth.

Yawning.

Sneezing.

The Hands and Feet.

The Ears.

Varieties of Bhûts.

The Pret.

The Pisâcha.

The Râkshasa.

Power of Lengthening Themselves.

Night Spirits.

Râkshasas as Builders.

Modern Râkshasas.

Brâhman Ghosts.

The Deo.

The Bîr.

The Dâno.

The Daitya.

The Headless Horseman.

The Ghostly Army.

Masân.

Tola.

Airi.

Hill Demons.

Birth Fiends.

The Parî and Jinn.

The Ghoul.

The Baghaut.

The Churel.

Eating Food in Spirit Land.

Modes of Repelling the Churel.

Counting.

The Couvade.

Various Birth Ceremonies.

Places Infested by Bhûts: Burial Places.

Deserts.

Owls and Bats.

Ghosts and Burial Grounds.

Mutilation.

Ghosts of Old Ruins.

Mine and Cave Spirits.

Cave Deities.

Bhûts Treasure Guardians.

Fairy Gifts.

Underground Treasure.

Ghosts of Roads.

Ghosts of Empty Houses.

Ghosts of Flowers.

The Hearth.

Ghosts of Filthy Places.

The House Roof.