Читать книгу The Digital War - Winston Ma - Страница 35

The image of the world's top player crying at his loss to AI has triggered a great sense of determination and urgency among Chinese businesses and companies about AI: either adapt the fast-evolving technology of AI, Big Data analysis, and computer chips (for AlphaGo, Google designed a special-purpose chip specifically for machine learning) to upgrade—or be destroyed.

As such, the largest internet companies, such as Alibaba (the e-commerce giant like Amazon) and Tencent (best known for its billion-user social messaging service WeChat) jumped on the AI wave to transform themselves into “intelligence first” companies. During the recent “mobile first” era (which feels like ages ago), their mobile platforms had accumulated vast amounts of user and transaction data; such data is now being leveraged, using AI, to solve practical operational challenges and drive new business models. (Hence, the notion of the “second half game”.)

Tencent—the highest-valued Chinese internet company, which has roots in gaming and online services—made dramatic changes in response to the new trend. In 2018, for the first time in six years, Tencent announced a major restructuring to move from a consumer business toward one that caters for industry as well. The restructuring included the creation of a new Cloud and Smart Industries Group, focusing on AI, cloud services, Big Data and security; and another new group combining its social media, mobile internet, and online media operations for the purpose of strengthening internal coordination to compete with emerging competitors like Toutiao (the short video platform that owns the world-famous app TikTok).

Furthermore, Tencent formed a new technology committee that better coordinates fundamental technology research in different parts of the company. Tencent's restructuring marks a “significant strategic upgrade” for the company and comes as its main business of gaming and online services began to grow at a slower pace. As publicly stated by Pony Ma, Tencent's founder and chairman, “the next era of the internet is the industrial internet”, and Tencent will, in reaction, develop new industry-facing services to “connect industries and consumers to build a more open ecosystem”.

Meanwhile, technically savvy and internationally educated entrepreneurs, with compelling technologies, have easily attracted venture capital for startups that bring niche AI applications to a broader market. Computer vision (CV), for example, is the science for computers or robots to duplicate the way humans perceive and visually sense the world around them. Facial recognition technology, in particular, has been widely used in public security applications, with public security authorities using the technology to spot suspected criminals and even jaywalkers.

In the computer vision sector, Megvii, SenseTime, Yitu Technology, and CloudWalk are collectively referred to as China's “Four CV Dragons”. The Four Dragons' growth coincides with China's full embrace of facial recognition technology and its integration into the daily lives of the Chinese population. In recent years, CV companies have also used the AI technologies to transform a variety of industries from finance to entertainment, transport to healthcare, and more.

Megvii focuses on face detection, recognition, and analysis across different platforms. Its core product Face++ is a cloud-based face recognition technology platform, and it has been widely applied in various industries. Through a partnership with Alibaba, Face++ has been integrated into Alipay (the widely used mobile payment platform) to support facial scan logging in and Smile to Pay, a payment method that allows users to make a purchase by scanning their faces. Face++ is also integrated into smart city applications, where it's deployed to optimize traffic flows and “see” incidents that require police or medical attention. In line with the AI product's name, the Megvii technology is similarly used by Meitu, the popular beauty-enhancing photo editing application. (The Meitu, which means “beautify pictures” in Chinese, app offers features that can remove wrinkles, smooth pores, and lengthen legs in photos.)

SenseTime specializes in deep learning-enabled computer vision technologies, such as facial recognition technology that can be applied to payment and picture analysis for bank card verification and security systems. SenseTime has supplied automatic face scanning systems to many railway stations and airports across China, with a near perfect accuracy rate. For example, it has signed agreements with China's largest subway operator, Shanghai Shentong Metro Group, to use AI to monitor metro traffic. At US$7.5 billion (according to media reports in late 2019, following a recent round from investors, including SoftBank Group), SenseTime is the world's highest-valued AI startup. According to South China Morning Post's 2019 internet report, SenseTime and Megvii are major exporters of AI solutions for security and surveillance in government and commercial markets across Southeast Asia, Latin America, and Africa.

Yitu Technology operates a cloud-based visual recognition engine that enables computers to detect and recognize faces and cars. The system has been mostly used in surveillance and crowd-tracking, and the company's clients include state authorities such as China Customs and China Immigration Inspection. Cloudwalk has also been the leading AI tech supplier for China's banking industry.

Natural language processing (NLP) technology is another example. iFlytek, China's leading speech-recognition company that creates voice recognition software, has changed the way doctors write up medical records, thus giving them more time to spend with patients. Traditionally, doctors have to spend much of their time writing up patients' medical records every day. They usually write them between surgeries and very often stay in the office after working hours to finish the paperwork. iFlytek's speech-recognition application was tested at hospitals, where doctors could record their diagnoses vocally at “considerably high accuracy”.

iFlyteck has also developed more than 10 voice-based mobile products covering education, communication, music, and intelligent toys. It has won a series of worldwide speech and AI competitions, including the Blizzard Challenge, reportedly the most authoritative international competition in speech synthesis. As such, iFlyteck was named by China's MOST (Ministry of Science and Technology) to be the national AI champion for speech recognition, along with Alibaba Group (smart city initiatives), Baidu (autonomous driving), Tencent (computer vision in medical diagnosis), and SenseTime (intelligent vision).

Collectively, the established internet firms and tech startups are investing billions in building new research centers, hiring experienced AI experts and young data scientists, and even setting up labs in the US’ Silicon Valley to work on the latest algorithms, smart robotics, and self-driving cars. Tencent even created its own version of a Go-playing AI program called Jueyi (or FineArt in English), but only after AlphaGo had already retired; hence, there was no chance for the two AI programs to meet in a direct contest. Nevertheless, the AI race between Chinese and US tech companies is on.