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Acronyms and Constants

ε8.85419×10−12 F/mμ4μ×10−7 H/mη≈377 ΩhPlanck’s constant = 6.63 × 10−34 Jsj2DTwo‐dimensional3DThree‐dimensional2GSecond generation (mobile system)3GThird generation (mobile system)3GPPThe 3rd Generation Partnership Project (for mobile)4GFourth generation (mobile system)5GFifth generation (mobile system)ACAlternating currentACCAutomatic cruise controlADASAdvanced driver assistance systemsAFAntenna factorAiPAntenna in packageAMAmplitude modulationAMCArtificial magnetic conductorARAxial ratioAUTAntenna under testBERBit error rateBNCBaby N connectorBPRBranch power ratioCACharacteristic angleCADComputer aided designCAMComputer‐aided manufacturingCATRCompact antenna test rangeCDFCumulative distribution functionCEMComputational electromagneticsCFCCarbon‐fiber compositeCMCommon modeCNTCarbon nanotubeCPCircular polarizationCPUCentral processing unitCPWCo‐planar waveguideCSRRComplementary split ring resonatorCSTComputer simulation technology (a simulation tool)CTIACellular Telecommunications Industry AssociationDABDigital audio broadcastingdBDecibelDCDirect currentDCSDigital cellular systemDECTDigital enhanced cordless telecommunicationsDGDiversity gainDMDifferential modeDNGDouble negative (material)DPSDouble positive (material)DRADielectric resonant antennaDUTDevice under testEBGElectromagnetic bandgap (material)ECCEnvelope correlation coefficientEGCEqual gain combiningEIRPEffective isotropic radiated powerEISEffective isotropic sensitivityEMElectromagneticEMCElectromagnetic compatibilityEMIElectromagnetic interferenceENGEpsilon negative (material)ENZEpsilon near zero (material)EQCEquivalent currentERPEffective radiated powerFCCFederal Communications CommissionFDTDFinite‐difference time domainFEMFinite element methodFETField effect transistorFMFrequency modulationFMCWFrequency modulated continuous waveFNBWFirst null beamwidthFoMFigure of meritFPCFlexible printed circuitFSSFrequency selective surfaceGaAsGallium ArsenideGOGeometrical opticsGPSGlobal positioning systemGSMGlobal system for mobile communicationsGTDGeometrical theory of diffractionHFHigh frequencyHFSSHigh‐frequency structure simulator (a simulation tool)HISHigh impedance surfaceHPBWHalf‐power beamwidthHPBWHalf‐power bandwidthHWHansen–Woodyard (condition)IEEEInstitute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersIFAInverted F antennaInPIndium PhosphideIoTInternet of ThingsISIInter symbol interferenceISMIndustrial, scientific and medical (frequency band)LCPLeft‐hand circular polarizationLCPLiquid crystal polymerLDSLaser direct structuringLFLow frequencyLHMLeft‐handed materialsLNALow‐noise amplifierLPDALog‐periodic dipole antennaLRRLong‐range radarLTCCLow‐temperature co‐fired ceramicLTELong‐term evolution (4G mobile system)LUFLowest usable frequencyMCXMiniature coaxial (connector)MEGMean effective gainMFMedium frequencyMEMSMicroelectromechanical systemsMIDMoulded interconnect devicesMIMOMultiple input and multiple outputMMICMonolithic microwave integrated circuitsmm‐WaveMillimeter waveMNGMu‐negativeMoMMethod of momentsMRCMaximal ratio combiningMRRMedium range radarMSModal significanceMSTLMode‐selective transmission lineMVGMicrowave Vision GroupNECNumerical electromagnetic codeNFCNear‐field couplingNZINear‐zero refractive indexOATSOpen area test siteOTAOver‐the‐air (test/measurement)PCBPrinted circuit boardPCSPersonal communications systemPDFPower density functionPDFProbability density functionPETPolyethylene terephthalatePIFAPlanar inverted F antennaPIMPassive inter‐modulationPTDPhysical theory of diffractionPTFEPolytetrafluoroethylenePOPhysical opticsPVCPolyVinyl ChloridePWGPlane wave generatorQZQuiet zoneRAMRadio absorbing materialRCReverberation chamberRCPRight‐hand circular polarisationRCSRadar cross sectionRFRadio frequencyRFIDRadio‐frequency identificationRMSRoot mean squareSARSpecific absorption rateSCSelection combiningSDRSoftware defined radioSIInternational system of units (metric system)SiPSystem in packageSISOSingle‐input single‐outputSIWSubstrate integrated waveguideSLLSide lobe levelSMASub‐miniature version A (connector)SNRSignal‐to‐noise ratioSoCSystem on chipSRRSplit ring resonatorSRRShort‐range radarSSCSource stirred chamber (or cap or cavity)SWCSwitch combingSWRStanding wave ratioTCMTheory of characteristic modesTDRTime‐domain reflectometerTETransverse electric (mode/field)TEMTransverse electro‐magnetic (mode/field)THzTerahertz, 1012 HzTISTotal isotropic sensitivityTLMtransmission line modelling/matrix (method)TMTransverse magnetic (mode/field)TMMThermoset microwave materialTPMSTire pressure monitor systemTRPTotal radiated powerTVTelevisionUEUser equipmentUHFUltrahigh frequencyUMTSUniversal mobile telecommunications system (3G mobile system)UTDUniform theory of diffractionUWBUltrawide bandVHFVery high frequencyVNAVector network analyzerVSWRVoltage standing wave ratioWi‐FiWireless fidelity, a WLANWLANWireless local area network