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ОглавлениеChapter 6
Pronouns on a Case-by-Case Basis
Me and him can't go to mall—not in Standard English! He and I, on the other hand, can shop until we drop. What's the difference? Pronoun case, the English teacher's term for the way a pronoun's form changes depending upon how it's used in the sentence. In this chapter, you work on all three cases — subject (also known as subjective or nominative case), object (also known as objective case), and possessive.
The Questions You’ll Work On
In this chapter, you work on questions that involve these concepts:
Identifying pronouns as subject, object, or possessive
Choosing the correct pronoun case according to the pronoun’s role in the sentence
What to Watch Out For
Keep these points in mind when you’re answering the questions in this chapter:
Subject pronouns act as subjects, the who or what performing the action or in the state of being expressed in the sentence.
Subject pronouns also follow linking verbs (forms of the verb to be or verbs that express sensory information, such as to sound, to feel, and so forth).
Object pronouns act as objects: direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of a preposition or verbal (a verb form not functioning as a verb). You don’t need to worry about what type of object you have, as long as you know that the pronoun is acting as an object. An object answers the questions whom? or what? after a verb, preposition, or verb form.
Possessive pronouns express ownership. When you say my book or our vacation, my and our are possessive pronouns.
Some possessive pronouns function as subjects, objects, or other roles commonly played by nouns. In that book is mine, mine is a possessive pronoun because it expresses ownership, even though in this sentence it’s acting as a subject complement.
You may run across a verb form ending in -ing that acts as a noun — a gerund, in English-teacher terminology. The pronoun preceding a gerund is possessive when the emphasis is on the action or state of being expressed by the gerund. For example, in this sentence, the possessive pronoun my precedes the gerund swimming: The coach doesn’t like my swimming, but he can’t stop me.
Don’t confuse possessive pronouns with contractions — shortened forms of other words. It’s means “it is,” and its is a possessive pronoun. No possessive pronoun has an apostrophe.
Sorting Subject, Object, and Possessive Pronouns
271–285 Identify the underlined pronouns as subject (S), object (O), or possessive (P) pronouns.
271. As they built the shelter, the guides told us to watch carefully, in case we ever had to erect a hut like it.
272. Doreen and I caught five fish yesterday, but she threw them back into the water because we don’t like to eat salmon.
273. Lola is my friend; however, you are her enemy.
274. The flight attendant told him to turn off his computer and confiscated it when he refused.
275. Al has placed Kerina and you at a lively table, but if you want to change seats, the choice is yours.
276.I know it was she on the phone because I always recognize voices.
277. Lulu’s parents hate her adding an extra course because they think she is too busy already.
278. After Helen had examined the clothing thoroughly, she tried on a coat and declared, “Mine is more stylish and warmer,” as she threw his away.
279.My jumbo slice of cake didn’t tempt him, perhaps because yours was dry and tasteless.
280. The director loved your jumping in front of the runaway horse in the final scene, but your mom told herself not to look at the screen while you were in danger.
281.Their pitcher has a better record than I, but my team wins more games than his.
282. Give your food to whoever is hungry, even though our supply is low.
283. Melissa, whom the proctor scolded for lateness, says she actually arrived earlier than I.
284. When our computer crashed, James shook its screen and yelled, “Whose program was running recently?”
285.I won’t go to the pool with his family because that cousin splashes whoever is nearby.
Using Subject and Object Pronouns Correctly
286–320 What pronouns should be inserted in the blanks? Note: Check the parentheses for identifying information.
286. Scott and _____ (Scott’s) fellow racewalkers swing _____ (Scott’s and the racewalkers’) arms as _____ (Scott and the racewalkers) hurry to the finish line.
287. Keith and _____ (Pam) gave _____ (Pam’s) nephew five crayons because Pam always prefers to select the color_____ (Pam) likes.
288. Woody saluted _____ (Dan) before _____ (Woody and Dan) bowed to the audience and thanked _____ (referring to the speaker) for directing the play.
289. _____ (David) and _____ (referring to the speaker) will order food for 100 people, in case _____ (guests) all come.
290. Everyone but _____ (referring to the speaker) plays the guitar, and _____ (referring to the people being spoken to) understand the instrument and _____ (the instrument’s) construction too.
291. _____ (Toni-Anne) and _____ (Toni-Anne’s) favorite singer, Bob Cassino, have never met, but _____ (Toni-Anne) thinks of _____ (Bob Cassino) as a friend anyway.
292. Amy Tan’s novels provide Ira and _____ (Beth) with many hours of pleasant reading, but _____ (referring to the speaker) prefer the films and watch _____ (films) often.
293. Daniel and _____ (Pamela) weeded the garden together, but _____ (Daniel and Pamela) hired _____ (the speaker) to mow the lawn.
294. _____ (a group including the speaker) and the managers explain the insurance policy to clients whenever _____ (clients) request _____ (referring to the group including the speaker) help.
295. Did _____ (Derek) hit _____ (the ball) and run around _____ (the bases)?
296. Seeing Laura and _____ (James) pulling _____ (Laura and James’s) wagon up the steep hill was impressive.
297. To satisfy _____ (the teacher), Mr. Palgrove, Beth and _____ (the speaker) handed in an excellent paper that we wrote by _____ (Beth and the speaker) without extra help.
298. Do _____ (Helen and Maria) know the boy _____ (the boy) designed the winning sailboat for _____ (Henry)?
299. All of _____ (referring to the group of speakers) students worried about the test _____ (the test) was scheduled for _____ (referring to the group of speakers).
300. Everyone _____ (referring to everyone) borrowed bowling shoes must return _____ (the shoes) to _____ (referring to the speaker) by 5 o’clock.
301. It was _____ (Eve) at the front desk; Peter and _____ (referring to the speaker) are sure _____ (Peter and the speaker) recognized _____ (Eve).
302. When a stuffed toy loses _____ (toy’s) nose, _____ (toy) looks even more adorable.
303. Ken doesn’t know _____ (referring to ownership by an unknown person) chewing gum is stuck to the table, but _____ (Ken) wants _____ (gum) removed.
304. Deborah, _____ (referring to Deborah) is sitting in the second row, will watch _____ (Bill) with great attention in case Bill forgets _____ (Bill’s) lines.
305. Please don’t tell _____ (Allison) and _____ (the speaker) any jokes while _____ (Allison and the speaker) are trying to concentrate.
306. The bus with _____ (the bus’s) 20 passengers sped by _____ (referring to the speaker) stop, so _____ (the speaker) was late for _____ (referring to the person listening) barbecue.
307. Watson and Sons pays _____ (Watson and Sons’) employees too little compared to _____ (Watson and Sons’) competitors.
308. Are Jason and _____ (Frank) the funniest comedians in the show, or is _____ (Valerie)?
309. Jeff told _____ (Jeff) that _____ (Jeff) would understand the question and write _____ (essay) quickly.
310. Mack told the secret to Al and _____ (Wendy) before _____ (Mack) told _____ (the speaker), but _____ (Mack) gave _____ (the speaker) more details.
311. Jeremy is as nervous as _____ (Gloria) when _____ (Jeremy and Gloria) visit _____ (Gloria’s) parents.
312. Elizabeth hates _____ (referring to the speaker) calling _____ (Elizabeth) “Liz” and has forbidden _____ (referring to the speaker) to do so.
313. Fran, _____ (Fran) Charlie thinks should take a course in public speaking, is not open to _____ (the course’s) subject matter.
314. Between you and _____ (referring to the speaker), no one is happier about _____ (referring to the person being spoken to) getting a new puppy than _____ (referring to the speaker).
315. Don’t _____ (referring to the person or people being spoken to) think _____ (anyone in the group) wants to succeed should study harder than _____ (Christopher)?
316. Alex and _____ (referring to the speaker) plan to read the comment thread and respond to _____ (anyone in the group) has complaints about _____ (referring to the speaker) work.
317. The top students, Nick and _____ (James), will receive awards from the school, which always honors _____ (the school’s) scholars at the end of the year.
318. The letter tucked into the bottle began, “To _____ (referring to any person) finds this bottle”; _____ (referring to the speaker) read _____ (the letter) eagerly.
319. The dancer and _____ (referring to the speaker) believe that it is _____ (Frances) _____ (Frances) stole the salt shaker.
320. When Jason told you to ask _____ (referring to anyone in a group) you like to work on the project with _____ (Jason), did you choose _____ (Mary and Frances)?
