Читать книгу The Behavior of Animals - Группа авторов - Страница 15

In the middle of the twentieth century, the study of animal behavior became an independent scientific discipline, called ethology, mainly through the efforts of two biologists, the Austrian Konrad Lorenz (1903–1989) and the Dutchman Niko Tinbergen (1907–1988). It can be said that Lorenz was the more philosophical and theoretical of the two. He put forward a number of theoretical models on different aspects of animal behavior such as evolution and motivation. He was also the more outspoken of the two men, and some of his publications met with considerable controversy. Tinbergen was very much an experimentalist, who together with his students and collaborators conducted an extensive series of field and laboratory experiments on the behavior of animals of many different species. In 1973, Lorenz and Tinbergen were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine. They shared their prize with Karl von Frisch (1886–1982), an Austrian comparative physiologist and ethologist who had pioneered research into the dance “language” of bees (Chapter 14).