Читать книгу The Behavior of Animals - Группа авторов - Страница 69

In addition to problems concerning the definition of the concept of motivation, there have been four issues that have dominated discussions of motivation. 1. What role should a concept of energy play in motivational theories? 2. What is the relative role of internal versus external causal factors? 3. Do causal factors have specific or general effects? 4. Is the locus of action of causal factors peripheral or central? I will briefly discuss each of these issues in this section.