Читать книгу Clinical Obesity in Adults and Children - Группа авторов - Страница 47

The global obesity epidemic has spared no segment of the population, even children. In the United States, prevalence of all categories of obesity among children has continued to increase over the past decade, including in the youngest children aged 2–5 years [1]. Globally, between 1980 and 2015 the prevalence of obesity increased from 3.9 to 7.2% in boys and from 3.7 to 6.4% in girls aged 2–4 years [2]. Multiple streams of evidence suggest that exposures occurring in early life, including prenatally and even preconceptionally, contribute to these obesity trends. In this chapter, we provide a brief overview of obesity assessment in children, review evidence from human and animal studies regarding early life exposures that likely influence body weight development, discuss potential mechanisms, and finally review implications for clinical and public health practice.