Читать книгу Clinical Obesity in Adults and Children - Группа авторов - Страница 57

Sleep duration is an issue of great salience to all new parents. It is by now well described in many studies among young adults, including mothers in the postpartum period [94], that short duration, poor quality, or irregular patterns of sleep are associated with excess adiposity gain and subsequent obesity risk [95]. This association is also now well‐described in children. In a meta‐analysis of 12 studies including 44,200 children from 15 cohorts, short sleep duration was strongly associated with obesity (RR 1.45; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.85) [96]. Although fewer data from infancy and early childhood are available, the same relationship appears to exist [97]. For example, in the Project Viva cohort, Taveras et al. have shown that infant sleep of less than 12 hours per day was associated with an OR of 2.20 (95% CI: 1.16, 4.19) for overweight at age 3 years [98] Shorter sleep duration from infancy through mid‐childhood was associated with poorer diet quality and both central and overall adiposity at age 7, but accounting for diet did not attenuate the association between sleep and BMI, suggesting that sleep acts on body weight regulation via other mechanisms [99,100].

It is worth noting that there is likely to be substantial confounding in relation to studies of childhood sleep. For example, in one analysis, 1‐year‐old children’s sleep characteristics such as bedtime, sleep latency, and sleep efficiency were predicted by maternal and paternal BMI [101]. Race/ethnicity and other sociodemographic factors associated with childhood obesity also strongly predicted child sleep habits [102]. Nonetheless, some emerging data from interventions suggest that improving sleep in infancy may promote healthier weight gain [103]. Although many children have poor sleep hygiene [104], sleep quality and possibly duration appear modifiable even in infancy [105].