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Type 2 diabetes develops when a person has insulin resistance. Insulin is the hormone that enables sugar (glucose) to enter cells. Insulin resistance means that the body’s cells are no longer sensitive to insulin and can’t use it correctly. This loss in sensitivity to insulin means the person begins to lose the ability to take in glucose.

Excess body fat, especially around the abdomen, is a major cause of insulin resistance. The development of insulin resistance marks the beginning of diabetes. In time, the resistance to insulin exhausts the pancreas, which may stop producing this hormone entirely, meaning the diabetic must inject insulin. A program of regular exercise and weight loss has been shown to reverse insulin resistance.