Читать книгу The Complete Distiller - A. Cooper - Страница 11

Table of Contents

Distillation is generally divided into three Kinds; the first is called Distillation per ascensum, which is when the Fire, or other Heat, applied to the Alembic, containing the Materials, causes the Spirits to ascend. This is the most common, and indeed almost the only kind used by Distillers.

The second is called Distillation per descensum; which is, when the Fire being placed upon the Vessel precipitates, or causes the Spirit to descend. This Kind is hardly ever used by Distillers, but to obtain the Essence or Oil of Cloves.

The third is termed Distillation per latus, or oblique Distillation; but this being used only by the Chemists we shall say nothing farther of it here.

With regard to the different Methods of Distillation, occasioned by the different Vessels, or Materials made use of to excite Heat, improperly called Distillation; they are of various Kinds, and shall be explained as they occur in the Work.

There are various Kinds of Distillation, some of which arise from the different Constructions of Alembics; such are the Distillation by the common Alembic, with a Refrigeratory, the Glass Alembic, the serpentine Alembic, and the Retort: Others are produced from the Heat surrounding the Alembic; such as the Distillation in Balneum Mariæ, the Vapor, the Sand, the Dung, and the Lime Baths.

These different Methods of Distilling, we shall explain in enumerating the Operations in which they are most proper; and proceed to treat of the different Forms of Alembics and their Constructions.