Читать книгу Petroleum Refining Design and Applications Handbook - A. Kayode Coker - Страница 51

This is used to present “mechanical-type” details to piping and mechanical vessel designers, electrical engineers, instrument engineers, and other engineers not directly in need of process details (Figures 14.7 and 14.8). Piping and Instrument Diagrams (P&IDs) are graphical summary of the actual hardware elements in a petroleum refining and chemical process plant and their inter relationships of connections to form an operable, safe and reliable plant. The P&IDs include vessels (columns and tanks), pipe sizes, schedule (thickness), materials of construction, all valves (sizes and types), pumps, heat exchangers, reactors, furnaces, compressors, expanders, relief and drain valves, traps, filters, conveyors, hoppers, purchased subsystems, sensors, insulation requirements (thickness and type), controllers (flow, pressure, temperature, level), spares and other manufactured items, all in a logical configuration. The P&IDs do not include piping lengths and bends. In some engineering systems, detailed specifications cannot be completed until this flowsheet is basically complete.

Figure 14.6b Process flow diagram of (feed and fuel desulfurization sections) [9].

Figure 14.6c Process flow diagram of atmospheric fractionator.

Figure 14.7 Mechanical detail flow diagram [9].

Figure 14.8 Piping and Instrumentation (P & ID) diagram for ammonia plant [9].