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In this chapter, we introduce the concept of parasitism as a lifestyle and explain why it is such a difficult term to define. We also introduce some of the terms commonly used by parasitologists. Like all branches of science, parasitology uses specialist terms such as ‘intermediate host’, ‘definitive host’ and ‘zoonosis’ that one must understood before one can make sense of the literature. We explain why the study of parasites is so important and why parasitic infections will remain a problem in human and veterinary medicine for many years yet to come.