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The term symbiosis derives from the Greek συμβίωση and is usually translated as ‘living together’. It was originally used in 1879 by Heinrich Anton de Barry to define a relationship of ‘any two organisms living in close association, commonly one living in or on the body of the other’. According to this definition, symbiosis covers an extremely wide range of relationships. Some authors state that both organisms in a symbiotic relationship benefit from the association (i.e., it is [++]) although this is clearly a much more restrictive definition, and it is more appropriately referred to as mutualism. However, some authors consider symbiosis and mutualism are synonymous – this only adds to the confusion. For the purposes of this book, we will keep to de Barry’s original definition.