Читать книгу Electronics in Advanced Research Industries - Alessandro Massaro - Страница 16

The gateway is an important node executing data routing and switching functions of the information network, using different protocol types. The gateway behaves as a provider, and it is interfaced between the IoT middleware and the agent layer. This layer is responsible for publishing and subscribing the services, message routing, and allows the communication between platforms. The enterprise service bus (ESB) enables service‐oriented architecture (SOA) applications. Typically, the ESB is adopted to collect the digital data sources of different technologies adopted in the same information network, such as big data systems and AI algorithm datasets, by allowing data transfer between different DB systems [32]. ESB solutions are suitable to integrate old technologies with new ones improving the information system and Industry 4.0 implementations. The gateway system covers the role of collector of the packets coming from different sensors applied in the specific production line field. Communication takes place through IEEE 802.11 (WI‐FI/5 GHz) or MODBUS standards, following the most common mechanisms for asynchronous communication including Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol [30]. The architecture of the gateway follows Industry 4.0 mechanisms, where the gateway represents the main local component made by:

 A sensor manager, able to locally manage the sensor nodes.

 A local DB manager with regulated accesses.

 An engine optimizer capable of processing advances.

 The application programming interfaces (APIs) integrating the IoT sensor network with the cloud environment by the use of mobile devices.

The IoT gateway is designed to implement the following features:

 IoT network management (local knowledge of connected devices and resources, local management of sensors or network nodes, local data availability).

 System intelligence (ability to perform process optimization locally, integrity of the information received).

 Distributed logic (the data from the nodes or sensors are stored in the local DB and managed for the central system).

The ESB is a software infrastructure carrying out services in complex SOAs and supporting horizontal, vertical and end to end integrations. The main advantage of this infrastructure is to interconnect and to interface heterogeneous technologies including big data systems, ensuring data synchronization, data security, messaging, intelligent routing managed by AI algorithms, and transformations services. The ESB assists the developer in integrating applications, therefore providing the infrastructure necessary to implement routing, translation, and other integration of features.