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File transfer of the company information systems is executed through file transfer protocols. The main protocols adopted by the information network systems are listed in Table 1.5.

Table 1.5 Other protocols usable in industry.

File transfer protocols	Details	References
File Transfer Protocol	Client/serverTCP connectionProtocol interpreter;Data transfer processData and command separate connections	[34]
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol	Connection orientedText basedClient/server communication	[35]
TCP	Network protocol (ISO/OSI transport level)Transport port (MODBUS TCP): 502, 802Encapsulated into Internet ProtocolApplication programming interface system callSecurity (MODBUS TCP): TLSSegment with a header and a data section	[30]
MODBUS	Serial MODBUS RS485 (maximum 31 slaves)Transaction enabled by a masterCyclic redundancy check (CRC16) algorithmEthernet MODBUS TCP/IP	[36]
HTTP	Application protocolHypertextInfrastructure: Ethernet, WiFiModel: synchronousStateless protocol (communication protocol)Information web transferMechanism: one to oneNetwork layer: IPv4 or IPv6Transport layer: TCPTransport port: 80, 443Standard: Internet Engineering Taskforce RFC7230Encoding: ASCII textSecurity: SSL or TLS	[30]
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure	Extension of HTTPSecure communicationEncryption using encrypted using TLS or SSLWebsite authenticationPrivacy protectionDigital certificates	[37]
Constrained Application Protocol	Internet application protocolInfrastructure: 6LoWPANNetwork layer: IPv6Transport layer: UDPTransport port: 5683Mechanism: one to oneModel: asynchronousStandard: IETF (RFC7252)Service layer protocolWireless sensor network nodesDevices supporting UDPSecurity: Datagram transport layer securityMessage length: 4 byte	[30, 38, 39]
Message Queuing Telemetry Transport	Client/serverInfrastructure: Ethernet, WiFiMessaging transportModel: asynchronousTransport port: 502, 802Standard: ISO/IEC, OASISPublish/subscribeMachine‐to‐machine connectivityRemote connectionsSensor communicationsTCP/IP ports: 1883, 8883Security: SSL, TLSUDP transport	[26, 30, 38, 39]
Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol	Streaming XMLMultiple communication patternsAsynchronous messagingPublish/subscribeTCP transportHTTP transportRequest/response	[30, 39]
Advanced Message Queuing Protocol	Point to pointPublish/subscribeQueuingRouting	[39]
LoRa	Lower physical layerRadio frequency (433 MHz, 868 MHz, 915 MHz)Geolocation capabilitiesLoRaWAN (managing data device and frequencies transmission)Long‐range connectivity	[25, 39]
KNX	Network standardCommunications protocolTwisted pair bus (EHS, BatiBUS, EIB)Sensing and actuationDistributed applicationsRadio (KNX‐RF)Power‐line networking	[40]
Process field net	Industry technical standard for data communicationXMLPROFIBUSTCP/IP channelReal‐time channel	[29]

HTTP, Hypertext Transfer Protocol; KNX, Konnex; LoRa, long range; SSL, secure sockets layer;, Transmission Control Protocol;, transport layer security;, User Datagram Protocol; XML, eXtensible Markup Language.

Particularly interesting is the LoRaWAN protocol suitable for long range wide area network (WAN) wireless technology tailored for IoT interconnection, and for bidirectional communication systems. The main features of this protocol are the low power consumption, and the possibility to improve scalable wireless networks.