Читать книгу Electronics in Advanced Research Industries - Alessandro Massaro - Страница 4

1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Example of network configurations: (a) point to point connection;...Figure 1.2 Example of hybrid extended star network and failure system reconf...Figure 1.3 Layers of technologies related to an advanced technology.Figure 1.4 Hierarchical scheme of the software in Industry 5.0.Figure 1.5 Advanced PLC architecture in Industry 5.0: central processing uni...Figure 1.6 Scheme of a pick and place automated system for defect removal, b...Figure 1.7 Image processing and intelligent system in production processes....Figure 1.8 Interoperability of different technologies involved in Industry 4...Figure 1.9 Information system interconnecting enabling technologies.Figure 1.10 (a) Infrared thermal camera signals. (b) AOV and FOV simplified ...Figure 1.11 Artificial intelligence integrated into the supply chain.Figure 1.12 Multilevel structure of manufacturing industry processes integra...Figure 1.13 Artificial intelligence feedback system in manufacturing process...Figure 1.14 Block diagram of adaptive solutions in advanced manufacturing.Figure 1.15 Scheme of horizontal, vertical and end to end integration in Ind...Figure 1.16 CAD and CNC interconnected by a feedback system.Figure 1.17 (a) Simple ANN. (b) DL neural network.Figure 1.18 (a) Feedback system minimizing calculation error in the training...Figure 1.19 Basic mathematical functions defining activation functions.Figure 1.20 Supervised artificial network model: partitioning of the availab...Figure 1.21 Algorithm classification and Industry 5.0 facilities.Figure 1.22 (a) Regression analysis, (b) data classification, and (c) data c...Figure 1.23 Ensemble method and classification.Figure 1.24 Ensemble method and classification.Figure 1.25 (a) LSTM unit cell. (b) LSTM network and its memory.Figure 1.26 Knowledge gain in industry.

2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Main BPM symbols.Figure 2.2 Main UML symbols.Figure 2.3 Block diagram: digital production process control integrating the...Figure 2.4 Workflow implementing a data mining algorithm with objects (block...Figure 2.5 (a) ROC curve. (b) Threshold criterion.Figure 2.6 Loss function: overfitting and underfitting conditions and perfor...Figure 2.7 Examples of MAE theoretical trends versus neural network paramete...Figure 2.8 (a) Layout controlling silo loading. (b) Implemented workflow of ...Figure 2.9 Feedback system controlling and actuating a load by means of a se...Figure 2.10 Block diagram model of a liquid production system implementing A...Figure 2.11 UML class diagram implementing AI for a PLC system.Figure 2.12 (a) D flip‐flop symbol. (b) Equivalent circuit adopting logic po...Figure 2.13 UML use case diagram of AR technology adopted in kitchen product...Figure 2.14 HoQ diagram matching a laser scanner with AR technologies.Figure 2.15 AI switching production lines for canned food production. The pr...Figure 2.16 Symbols, truth tables, and events characterizing logic ports. A ...Figure 2.17 Equivalent circuits of (a) AND, (b) OR, (c) NOT, (d) NOR, (e) NA...Figure 2.18 (a) McCulloch–Pitts neuron model with binary input b_i, weights wFigure 2.19 Infrastructure of predictive maintenance applied to milk pasteur...Figure 2.20 (a) KNIME workflow implementing MLP neural network. (b) MLP neur...Figure 2.21 (a) KNIME network implementing an artificial neural network. (b)...Figure 2.22 Defect chart reading procedure. Unstable regions are provided by...Figure 2.23 Clusters and related centroids.Figure 2.24 Parameters for the estimation of the Euclidean distance.Figure 2.25 Architecture implementing Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 faciliti...Figure 2.26 Maintenance plan variation based on prediction results.Figure 2.27 Examples of typical alerting signals relating to the failure con...Figure 2.28 Workflow defining predictive maintenance for pieces in the railw...Figure 2.29 IQ trends: initial curve, real measured curve, and updated curve...Figure 2.30 System architecture: upgrade of a telecardiology network.Figure 2.31 System architecture of a teleoncology platform: functional schem...Figure 2.32 E‐health system architecture of a multipurpose health platform....Figure 2.33 Workflow of combined assistance services.

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Human–machine interface managing multiple mechatronic boards; mod...Figure 3.2 HMIs managing multiple mechatronic boards.Figure 3.3 M2M concept in Industry 5.0.Figure 3.4 Advanced PLC integrated system: feedback system by ANN.Figure 3.5 Standalone decision maker based on an ANN programming PLC system....Figure 3.6 Client–server connection scheme via OPC‐UA protocol (HW, hardware...Figure 3.7 Architecture of a SCADA upgraded system.Figure 3.8 CIM pyramid upgraded by AI.Figure 3.9 Scheme of the connection between the PLC and temperature transduc...Figure 3.10 (a) EtherCAT protocol specifications (HDR, header). (b) Sercos I...Figure 3.11 Industrial oven temperature control system and automated thermal...Figure 3.12 SCADA central system interconnected with OPC, RTU, PLC, and SCAD...Figure 3.13 Modeling of McCulloch–Pitts neurons.Figure 3.14 Modeling of McCulloch–Pitts neuron by bias signal.Figure 3.15 (a) Single‐layer perceptron network. (b) Multilayered perceptron...Figure 3.16 (a) NOT logic and its implementation (b) AND port and its implem...Figure 3.17 (a) NAND Logic and its implementation. (b) XOR logic and its imp...Figure 3.18 Threshold condition of the AND port (a), OR port (b), NAND port ...Figure 3.19 General decision boundaries due to a data input classification....Figure 3.20 Data input mapping and correct production or production failure ...Figure 3.21 KNIME workflow implementing MLP model predicting correct product...Figure 3.22 MLP network adopted for the temperature classification (the numb...Figure 3.23 Generic class defined by two input neurons and one bias input.Figure 3.24 Multidimension error surface.Figure 3.25 (a) Production line composed of two main stages monitored by sen...Figure 3.26 Parallel to serial register.Figure 3.27 Digital I/O PLC values using synchronized shift registers storin...Figure 3.28 (a) Scheme of flash converter. (b) Example of a 3‐bit quantized ...Figure 3.29 GUI implementing delay modules for data migration from SQL to No...Figure 3.30 Network integrating NoSQL and AI technologies.Figure 3.31 Data flow inherent data recovery from an ambient temperature sen...Figure 3.32 Advanced architecture linking the cloud environment with local c...Figure 3.33 (a) KNIME workflow implementing the Tree Ensemble algorithm clas...Figure 3.34 Priority levels of information.Figure 3.35 Access control interface model.Figure 3.36 IDS architecture based on a CNN classifier.Figure 3.37 DB access intrusion system based on attack signature (SDB, signa...Figure 3.38 DB security model based on an AI interface.Figure 3.39 Architecture of a DB security system constituted by an inference...Figure 3.40 Inference detection system coupled with the AI engine.Figure 3.41 (a) Cross platform architecture oriented on cybersecurity, virtu...Figure 3.42 Platform functions involved in Figure 3.41a.

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Architecture model of a company information system integrating Io...Figure 4.2 Domain expert and production manager roles and relationships in a...Figure 4.3 Relationship between production manager, message broker, IoT agen...Figure 4.4 Architecture of a IoT smart manufacturing framework integrating a...Figure 4.5 (a) Rotary encoder detection system. (b) Front view of a basic en...Figure 4.6 Basic principle of potentiometer and AI wiper control.Figure 4.7 (a) LVDT 3D configuration. (b) Structure and basic principle of t...Figure 4.8 Metallic strain gauge.Figure 4.9 Load cell with a Roberval mechanism.Figure 4.10 Wheatstone bridge for load cell.Figure 4.11 Basic scheme of a laser detector.Figure 4.12 Measured accelerations in the (x,y) plane of a vibrating product...Figure 4.13 Measured accelerations along the z‐axis of a vibrating pro...Figure 4.14 Konstanz Information Miner (KNIME) workflow predicting accelerat...Figure 4.15 Application of the acceleration signal processing for production...Figure 4.16 (a) Feedback control and AI corrective action. (b) Trajectory of...Figure 4.17 Basic feedback control system.Figure 4.18 Desirable gain characteristic (ω_gc, desirable gain crossove...Figure 4.19 Architecture of a multivisor AR architecture.Figure 4.20 Load balancing of the workload by parallel data flow involving t...Figure 4.21 Model representing quasi real‐time data processing involving sen...Figure 4.22 Automatism in sensor detection: (a) nanocomposite optical probe ...Figure 4.23 Quasi real‐time data processing of a sensing/actuation process m...Figure 4.24 Architecture of quasi real‐time data processing involving cloud ...Figure 4.25 UML sequence diagram describing the sensing and actuation proces...Figure 4.26 (a) Production line layout and drone monitoring in dangerous are...Figure 4.27 (a) CPU structure. (b) GPU structure and (c) related functions (...Figure 4.28 Execution time versus TPB for the exponentiation of a binary dat...Figure 4.29 Execution time versus the exponentiation n of a Float64 data mat...Figure 4.30 Execution time versus the binary matrix dimension.Figure 4.31 Comparison of GPU and CPU execution time versus the power of the...Figure 4.32 Comparison of GPU and CPU execution time versus the size of the ...Figure 4.33 Architecture integrating AI cloud server and IoT device: Industr...Figure 4.34 Architecture of an energy router system.Figure 4.35 (a) Linear prediction of energy consumption by linear regression...Figure 4.36 Thermogram of a bridge acquired by UAV. Inset: UAV adopted for t...Figure 4.37 Thermogram of Figure 4.36 setting over a threshold of 32 °C (DSS...Figure 4.38 Thermogram of a railway infrastructure.Figure 4.39 (a) Radargram of part of a bridge detected by a UAV equipped wit...Figure 4.40 Blockchain model and transactions integrating an AI controller....Figure 4.41 Blockchain architecture model.Figure 4.42 Blockchain implementation concerning a full production process d...Figure 4.43 Example of architecture implementing facilities improving dynami...Figure 4.44 Mechatronic interface board controlling three motor axes of a ro...Figure 4.45 Multiple mechatronic boards managing a production line layout ch...

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 (a) Robotic arm with joints connected relatively to each other. (...Figure 5.2 (a) Coordinate system determining the rotation matrix in the (x,yFigure 5.3 (a) 3D coordinate system describing 3D translation. (b) 3D coordi...Figure 5.4 Functional scheme of a robotic arm controlled by sensors, image v...Figure 5.5 Exoskeleton configurations in industry and applied forces: (a) ar...Figure 5.6 Exoskeleton communication model integrating AI (S, pressure and t...Figure 5.7 PLC scheme enabling AI instructions (HW, hardware).Figure 5.8 PLC basic program and related table description: AND logic implem...Figure 5.9 PLC basic program and related table description: OR logic impleme...Figure 5.10 PLC basic program and related table description: hybrid AND/OR l...Figure 5.11 PLC basic program and related table description: hybrid AND/OR l...Figure 5.12 Block diagram of an electrical actuator.Figure 5.13 (a) Polarization charge of a capacitor. (b) Implementation of th...Figure 5.14 Implementation of the electrostatic actuator.Figure 5.15 Electrostatic actuator in MEMS configuration.Figure 5.16 (a) Basic principle of piezoelectric actuation. (b) Strain cause...Figure 5.17 Schematic of a piezoelectric actuator for large strain effect.Figure 5.18 Multi‐layer plate piezoelectric actuator model.Figure 5.19 DC motor by magnetic field: (a) basic principle of electromagnet...Figure 5.20 Equivalent circuit of a DC motor.Figure 5.21 Operation mode of a DC motor in four quadrants.Figure 5.22 Induction motor: (a) squirrel cage type conductor; (b)–(e) furth...Figure 5.23 (a) Mechanical scheme and (b) electrical model of a DC motor.Figure 5.24 Advanced controlled system of a DC motor by AI algorithm impleme...Figure 5.25 Systemic model of the DC motor feedback controlled by the AI mod...Figure 5.26 (a) Shunt motor and AI controlling electrical current. (b) Theor...Figure 5.27 (a) Series motor and AI controlling resistance. (b) Theoretical ...Figure 5.28 (a) DC shunt motor: modeling of the field flux control method. (...Figure 5.29 (a) DC series motor modeling. (b) Theoretical trend of the motor...Figure 5.30 Adaptive‐control diagram to automatically adapt to worker's desi...Figure 5.31 (a) Step down chopper circuit. (b) Voltage and current. (c) Step...Figure 5.32 (a) Example of IGBT and of n‐channel MOSFET switch equivalence; ...Figure 5.33 Three‐phase VSI.Figure 5.34 (a) Scheme representing the basic principle of electrical curren...Figure 5.35 (a) SCR configuration and equivalences. (b) GTO symbols and circ...Figure 5.36 On‐state caused by gate current: (a) equivalent circuit implemen...Figure 5.37 (a) SCR and (b) GTO I–V characteristics.Figure 5.38 (a) Normal switching configuration; (b) PWM signal modulation co...Figure 5.39 Example of PWM signal modulation.Figure 5.40 (a) Current‐source inverter circuit; (b) signals of the reversal...Figure 5.41 Scheme of a three‐phase CSI.Figure 5.42 (a) Uncontrolled converter configuration; (b) signal processing ...Figure 5.43 (a) Controlled converter; (b) signal processing of the converter...Figure 5.44 (a) Half‐wave rectifier circuit basic scheme; (b) half‐wave rect...Figure 5.45 (a) Voltage‐source inverter; (b) current‐source inverter.Figure 5.46 (a) Main scheme of an advanced robotic control by combining a PI...Figure 5.47 Example of an AI controlled system adjusting an arrow trajectory...Figure 5.48 (a) PID implementation circuit layout tuned by AI commands; (b) ...Figure 5.49 (a) Unsupervised process by selecting the object inline in two s...Figure 5.50 (a) Feedback loop systems. (b) Feedback system including AI feed...Figure 5.51 Pulsed spray technique in smart additive manufacturing controlle...Figure 5.52 Laser texturing technique controlled by AI.

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 (a) Scheme of the AFM‐SCM circuital approach. (b) Sketch of the e...Figure 6.2 (a) Microscope image of NDs deposited on a glass layer. TEM image...Figure 6.3 Post‐processed TEM images: (a) 3D image processing of silica NPs;...Figure 6.4 MWPECVD reactor and plasma generated during diamond film growth....Figure 6.5 Enhanced light of an optical fiber end embedded in a PDMS‐Au tip ...Figure 6.6 PDMS‐Au scattering efficiency versus the working wavelength for d...Figure 6.7 (a) Unit cell: modeling of PDMS with monodisperse GNs. (b) Zoomed...Figure 6.8 FEM simulations: (a) light propagating in the PDMS material; (b) ...Figure 6.9 (a) Metallic wedge in dielectric materials. (b) Transmission line...Figure 6.10 (a) Cylindrical coordinate system. (b) Spherical coordinate syst...Figure 6.11 Metallic permittivity theoretical trend: (a) gold; (b) silver; (...Figure 6.12 STRD theoretical near field radiation pattern for a gold metalli...Figure 6.13 90° metallic wedge: total TE_z electric field theoretical trend v...Figure 6.14 Optical antenna as micrometric aperture in a parallel‐plate wave...Figure 6.15 Basic scheme of pressure sensor (longitudinal section): (a) tape...Figure 6.16 (a) PDMS‐Au robotic finger (tactile pressure sensor). (b) Light ...Figure 6.17 (a) PDMS‐Au tip of the optical pressure sensor for robotic finge...Figure 6.18 Small notch sensing approach and signal detection principle and Figure 6.19 PDMS‐Au used for surveillance security systems. (a) Schematic co...Figure 6.20 PDMS‐Au 2×2 matrix pillar‐type sensor layout for liquid detectio...Figure 6.21 PDMS‐Au 2×2 matrix pillar‐type layout. The height of a single pi...Figure 6.22 (a) AFM image: topography indicating gold fillers in a PDMS matr...Figure 6.23 Absorbance trend of a PDMS/PDMS‐Au bulk type sample. Inset: radi...Figure 6.24 Total electric field confinement: sketch of a simulation for a P...Figure 6.25 2 × 2 PDMS‐Au matrix: variation of the transmitted intensity by ...Figure 6.26 Basic principle of light scattering.Figure 6.27 Sensor optical spectra: transmitted optical intensities for diff...Figure 6.28 Implementation of the sensor in a robotic finger.Figure 6.29 Microwave MEMS pressure sensor: (a) masks used for photolithogra...Figure 6.30 (a) Ring MEMS and (b) zooming of the base of the antenna.Figure 6.31 Electromagnetic absorbing material for antenna measurements.Figure 6.32 Three‐dimensional model of silica NPs embedded in a lymph node....Figure 6.33 (a) Multilayer model of an ultrasound wave propagated in human t...Figure 6.34 Unit cell model of in the mediastinum lymph node.Figure 6.35 (a) Theoretical normalized power spectrum of the diffracted wave...Figure 6.36 TEM image of synthetized silica NPs (inset: zooming of some sili...Figure 6.37 Example of functionalized silica NP synthesis by MPTS.Figure 6.38 Example of functionalized silica NP synthesis by TEOS.Figure 6.39 Current density J calculation characterizing insulation behavior...Figure 6.40 Measured current of diamond film growth on a silicon substrate....Figure 6.41 (a) A piece of commercial substrate. (b) Example of a ND layer d...Figure 6.42 I–V characteristic of a ND sprayed layer deposited on a silicon ...

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 (a) Setup for defect monitoring of tire assembly. (b) K‐means alg...Figure 7.2 Architecture of the stack of the neural network used for defect d...Figure 7.3 Flowchart of a full approach for tire quality check and defect mo...Figure 7.4 (a) Watershed and geometrical analogy of local minima and local m...Figure 7.5 Flowchart modeling for welding defect check.Figure 7.6 Sequence diagram of the image vision system based on image segmen...Figure 7.7 Encoding and decoding enabling AI algorithm processing.Figure 7.8 (a) Digital circuit configuration of an encoder. (b) Black box mo...Figure 7.9 Algorithm running into an AI processor (AI engine).Figure 7.10 (a) Digital circuit configuration of a decoder. (b) Black box mo...Figure 7.11 Pixel matrix of an image subset.Figure 7.12 AND logic ports implementing the feature in Figure 7.11.Figure 7.13 3D image processing enhancing welding defect. (a) Infrared therm...Figure 7.14 Architecture model of the adopted techniques used for quality pr...Figure 7.15 (a) Image vision architecture of a system checking hole precisio...Figure 7.16 (a) Block diagram modeling the profilometer image vision system....Figure 7.17 Architecture of detection system integrating AI and 3D technolog...Figure 7.18 AR architecture improving production processes.Figure 7.19 Infrastructure integrating infrared camera circuits.Figure 7.20 Thermal image of conveyor belt rollers showing areas of anomalou...Figure 7.21 (a) Thermal image of conveyor belt rollers in gray scalebar. (b)...Figure 7.22 Ideal dynamic extraction of the active contour snake method.Figure 7.23 Snake contour plot applied to a radiometric image: dynamic conve...Figure 7.24 Snake contour plot applied to the image of a processed metallic ...Figure 7.25 (a) K‐means image processing calculated for a cluster number of ...Figure 7.26 Theoretical areas of extracted contours versus the defect number...Figure 7.27 (a) 3D image reconstruction of vegetables with defects. (b) 3D i...Figure 7.28 (a) Thermogram of a meat product (inset: original image of the p...Figure 7.29 Theoretical trend of minimum temperature indicating risk regions...Figure 7.30 Image processing procedure based on pixel features training and ...Figure 7.31 (a) Original image of a micrometric aperture with the definition...Figure 7.32 (a) TEM image of silica nanoparticles. (b) Class definition iden...Figure 7.33 (a) Thermogram of a conveyor belt carpet. (b) Feature extraction...

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Example of a full RE platform.Figure 8.2 DFX model defining RE advanced production.Figure 8.3 Example of a flexible production line oriented toward Industry 5....Figure 8.4 (a) Process mining and a fully integrated DT data flow selecting ...Figure 8.5 Measured, theoretical and predicted values of hole diameters.Figure 8.6 Feedback system updating tolerances and machine parameters during...Figure 8.7 Architecture of a smart visor used for piece measurement with the...Figure 8.8 RE applied to PC structures: (a) 3D reconstruction of a SEM image...Figure 8.9 Classification and automatization of the best choice of a pipelin...Figure 8.10 SEM images of damaged ring MEMS: (a–c) effects of a high voltage...Figure 8.11 Technological phase for freestanding ring MEMS: (a–h) phases of ...Figure 8.12 (a) Torsion allowing helicoidal layout. (b) SEM image of an heli...Figure 8.13 Via hole connection of the top metallic layer.Figure 8.14 (a) Cross section of the coaxial feeding layout exciting by THz ...Figure 8.15 (a) Front view and (b) side view of a three‐point connection lay...Figure 8.16 Photograph of the diamond planar antenna sensor. Inset: optical ...Figure 8.17 Deformation displacement along the x‐ and y‐ directi...Figure 8.18 Measured S₁₁ responses of different antenna prototypes. Inset: p...Figure 8.19 Advanced RE processes in Industry 5.0: production of a new senso...Figure 8.20 First prototype of PDMS‐Au pressure sensor. (a) side view; (b) s...Figure 8.21 Second prototype of PDMS‐Au pressure sensor. (a) side view; (b) ...Figure 8.22 RE: jumper solution.Figure 8.23 Thickness trend versus electrical current.

9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Example of a 3D CAD modeling of an optoelectronic device based on...Figure 9.2 Absorbance enhancing the filtering behavior of the pillar type st...Figure 9.3 Measured transmittivity of the periodic pillar structure (inset: ...Figure 9.4 (a) Top view of the pillar layout (2D plane distribution of pilla...Figure 9.5 Example of 3D CAD modeling of a MEMS pressure sensor: (a) perspec...Figure 9.6 Simplified modeling and FEM simulation of the periodic structure ...Figure 9.7 (a) Printed mask on a plastic paper to be applied for bromograph ...Figure 9.8 Microantenna patch‐type layouts: (a) layout with holes; (b) layou...Figure 9.9 (a–d) Diffraction effect: preliminary profiles of integrated gold...Figure 9.10 Basic experimental setup for gas sensing detection (inset: photo...Figure 9.11 (a) Scheme experimental setup for gas mixing sensing detection (...Figure 9.12 (a) Example of a layout of Vivaldi antennas and (b) reflection c...Figure 9.13 (a) UAV equipped with sensors. (b) Electronic scheme of the comp...Figure 9.14 Geometrical model for GPR signal transmission and reception, det...Figure 9.15 Scheme of ready to use prototype technology for underground wate...Figure 9.16 Engineered processes for aqueduct inspection activities.Figure 9.17 (a) Radargram detecting water losses in a pipeline, indicating l...Figure 9.18 (a) 3D perspective of the designed diamond antenna. (b) Side vie...Figure 9.19 (a) Dimensions in millimeter scale of the antenna layout; (b) eq...Figure 9.20 (a) Comparison of the S₁₁ signals between numerical and experime...Figure 9.21 2D FEM normalized radiation patterns calculated by fixing θFigure 9.22 2D FEM normalized radiation patterns calculated by fixing θFigure 9.23 Examples of technologies for the realization of diamond antenna....Figure 9.24 (a) NDs sprayed on the antenna layout and (b) microscope image o...Figure 9.25 (a) Antenna sample; (b) I(V) characteristic measured in position...Figure 9.26 Array of patch antennas allocated on a pipeline or engine part w...Figure 9.27 (a) Optoelectronic circuits for encryption and decryption of an ...Figure 9.28 Different layouts and perspectives of diamond patch antennas: (a...Figure 9.29 Diamond material: properties and possible implementations.Figure 9.30 (a) PMMA with ND fillers and forces acting during a material cra...Figure 9.31 AI self‐adaptive rapid prototype model oriented toward technolog...Figure 9.32 Scheme of the first prototype: (a) Principle of photocurrent sti...Figure 9.33 Experimental trend: comparison of the current photoelectric effi...Figure 9.34 (a) 3D endoscope optical fiber system with nanocomposite tip. (b...Figure 9.35 (a) 3D endoscope probe controlled by a robotic arm. (b) Zooming ...Figure 9.36 (a) Clark level model (skin melanoma detection). (b) Voltage int...Figure 9.37 Endoscope system: grayscale reflectivity response measured as vo...Figure 9.38 (a) 3D endoscope system detecting a sphere. (b) Frontal perspect...Figure 9.39 (a) 3D PC cavity resonator. (b–d) Basic principle of DNA detecti...Figure 9.40 (a) Example of the emission signal of the fluorophore, laser sou...Figure 9.41 (a) First prototype of an artificial skin sensor. (b) Plasmonic ...Figure 9.42 First prototype of a fiber bundle matrix emitting light from dif...Figure 9.43 Photograph of the lighted embedded prototype connected to a phot...Figure 9.44 (a) Experimental setup scheme. (b) Theoretical trend of pressure...

10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Matrix correlating risk impact versus probability of risk occurr...Figure 10.2 Wine production in Industry 4.0 with the upgrade of AI and block...