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 Ethnography is concerned with understanding social worlds through researcher engagement and participation.

 Ethnography is a term that is used to describe a research process and a research product.

 Modern ethnography emerged out of social and cultural anthropological practice of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; used in order to study small ‘traditional’ societies.

 Ethnographic methods are now used by researchers from across a broad spectrum of disciplines and fields of study, to investigate a wide range of settings.

 Ethnography has been influenced by and has influenced a range of theoretical and methodological perspectives, including feminism, ethnomethodology, social interactionism and postmodernism.

 Key principles of ethnographic research practice include:understanding the importance of context in studying social settings and social lives;attention to process in social life and in research;researcher engagement and participation in the research setting;recognizing the dialogic and interactional nature of social life;a commitment to writing and representation.

Further reading

Atkinson, P. and Hammersley, M. (2007) Ethnography: Principles in Practice, 3rd ed. London: Routledge.

Gobo, G. (2008) Doing Ethnography. London: Sage.

O’Reilly, K. (2008) Key Concepts in Ethnography. London: Sage.