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Your long-term outcomes don’t happen by magic. They happen by behavior change on the part of your users. In most cases, this behavior change needs to be sustained over time. To take the example of lowering blood pressure, in order to see measurable differences on tests, people might need to eat differently, start walking regularly, and take their medication every day for weeks, months, or longer. It’s not a one-shot deal.

Focus the metrics in your outcomes map on behaviors that your product can reasonably be expected to influence. If your product is a medication management app for people with high blood pressure, your outcomes plan should focus a lot more on medication-related behaviors than the exercise and diet pieces. You might want to look at those behaviors, too, just to explore whether your users are also making those changes—sometimes people on a behavior change kick will have a positive spillover effect to other behaviors—but don’t hang your hat on them since it’s not what your product is designed to do.

You’ll want to make a judgment call about how granularly to measure behaviors. For example, if taking medication is an important part of achieving outcomes, you could just list “take medication as prescribed” as the behavior of interest. But if you know your users probably don’t take medication yet, you might also include “make an appointment with a doctor” and “fill prescription at pharmacy” as additional steps. That will remind you to coach users through those steps within the product and help you identify where the pitfalls are if people don’t actually end up taking the medication.

It’s very likely that your product can’t directly measure the behavior changes that lead to outcomes. That’s fine! It’s very typical, in fact, since most behavior change happens out in the world and not online inside a digital product. You’ll find other ways to measure whether people are doing these behaviors. What’s important is identifying the behaviors that need to happen for your success story to come true, so you can design your product to affect them.