Читать книгу Interpreting and Using Statistics in Psychological Research - Andrew N. Christopher - Страница 32

1 Holly resisted changing her answer on a test question because she reminded herself that “it’s always best to stick with your first answer.” Holly’s decision best illustrates:an algorithm.a heuristic.egocentrism.the gambler’s fallacy.

2 Reliance on the representativeness heuristic is beneficial/helpful when it:simplifies a complex social world.is selectively applied.is reserved for ambiguous situations.minimizes differences within a group of people.

3 The law of small numbers states that:we are more influenced by information that contradicts our beliefs than by information that supports our beliefs.we like to categorize people, places, and events to simplify a complex world.conclusions drawn from a limited number of observations are likely to be a fluke.we pay conscious attention to a limited amount of information at any given point in time.

4 Which of the following set of outcomes is MOST probable?flipping 6 or more heads in 10 coin flips.flipping 60 or more heads in 100 coin flips.flipping 600 or more heads in 1,000 coin flips.All of the above are equally probable.

5 In an experiment, the behavior being measured as a result of the manipulated/changed variable is called the _____ variable.independentdependentspuriousillusory

6 You would probably find NO correlation between:height and weight.shoe size and scores on an intelligence test.ACT scores and SAT scores.distance from the equator and average daily high temperature.