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Integrated Creative
Problem Solving
MODELS
How? ICPS includes the following three sub-processes which need to be managed simultaneously. The project management process leads the creative sessions and embeds the project into the larger organisation.
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1. Content Finding: is the process of finding the actual goal – such as a need, a wish, or an opportunity – and is often conducted within one or more creative sessions. Content finding includes three stages:
• Problem finding: Explore and identify the goal, wish, challenge, or opportunity, with an aim to clarify and formulate the problem.
• Idea finding: Generate novel and useful ideas to solve the identified problem.
• Solution finding: Move from the idea to an implementable solution, develop the criteria for success, and anticipate the follow-up.
Each stage entails five steps: Task Appraising, Diverging, Reverging, Converging, and Reflecting. Navigating through these steps is guided by the facilitator. There are numerous methods and techniques that can be used for content finding, such as Brainstorming, Brainwriting, WWWWWH, SCAMPER, and Synectics.
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2. Information finding: is the process of collecting data and information that could be used to influence and stimulate the creative sessions on the content level.
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3. Acceptance finding : is the process of anticipating and organising the future implementation of the generation solutions, which goes beyond agreement on implementation plans.
What & Why? Whenever a creative session is needed for generating novel and useful solutions within a group, iCPS is a powerful approach you can use. The model is integrated into the entire innovation trajectory – including the periods before, in-between, and after creative sessions. In iCPS, the roles of facilitator, problem owner, and resource group are clearly delegated and supported. The main principle of iCPS is the clear separation between the diverging, reverging, and converging stages.
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Mindset: The needed mindset is very different for each stage because iCPS is based on the principle of a strict separation between the five steps in the iCPS basic module. (see below). This separation is essential.
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Integrated Creative Problem Solving (iCPS) is a structured, iterative model that helps with developing novel and useful solutions to open problems in groups. It comprises four interdependent sub-processes that work together: Content finding, information finding, acceptance finding, and project management.
Tips & Concerns
Create a safe environment where the resource group feels free to share any thoughts and ideas.
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Use a structured process and clear rules to manage the creativity in the resource group.
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A clear problem statement is a critical success factor.
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Limitations
An independent facilitator should guide the creative session.
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One pitfall is that the problem owner takes the role of the facilitator and has a tendency to steer the resource group into a predetermined direction, thereby limiting the creative output.
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A facilitator should focus only on guiding the creative process, not the content.
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References & Further Reading Buijs, J., & van der Meer, H., 2013. Integrated Creative Problem Solving. The Hague: Eleven Inter- national Publishing. / Heijne, K. & van der Meer, H., 2019. Road Map for Creative Problem Solving Techniques - Organizing and facilitating group sessions. Amsterdam: Boom Uitgevers. / Parnes, S.J., 1967. Creative Behavior Guidebook . New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. / Tassoul, M., 2006. Creative Facilitation – a Delft Approach. Delft: VSSD.
