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PREFACE

GLOSSARY

ERRATA

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I HISTORY OF LICHENOLOGY

A. Introductory

B. Period I. Previous to 1694

C. Period II. 1694-1729

D. Period III. 1729-1780

E. Period IV. 1780-1803

F. Period V. 1803-1846

G. Period VI. 1846-1867

H. Period VII. 1867 and after

CHAPTER II CONSTITUENTS OF THE LICHEN THALLUS

I. LICHEN GONIDIA

II. LICHEN HYPHAE

III. LICHEN ALGAE

CHAPTER III MORPHOLOGY

GENERAL ACCOUNT OF LICHEN STRUCTURE

II. STRATOSE THALLUS

III. RADIATE THALLUS

IV. STRATOSE-RADIATE THALLUS

V. STRUCTURES PECULIAR TO LICHENS

VI. HYMENOLICHENS

CHAPTER IV REPRODUCTION

1. REPRODUCTION BY ASCOSPORES

II. SECONDARY SPORES

III. SPERMOGONIA OR PYCNIDIA

CHAPTER V PHYSIOLOGY

I. CELLS AND CELL PRODUCTS

II. GENERAL NUTRITION

III. ASSIMILATION AND RESPIRATION

IV. ILLUMINATION OF LICHENS

V. COLOUR OF LICHENS

CHAPTER VI BIONOMICS

A. Growth and Duration

B. Season of Fruit Formation

C. Dispersal and Increase

D. Erratic Lichens

E. Parasitism

F. Diseases of Lichens

G. Harmful Effect of Lichens

H. Gall-Formation

CHAPTER VII PHYLOGENY

I. GENERAL STATEMENT

II. THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

III. THE THALLUS

CHAPTER VIII SYSTEMATIC

I. CLASSIFICATION

II. NUMBER AND DISTRIBUTION OF LICHENS

III. FOSSIL LICHENS

CHAPTER IX ECOLOGY

CHAPTER X ECONOMIC AND TECHNICAL

A. Lichens as Food.

B. Lichens as Medicine

C. Lichens as Poisons

D. Lichens used in Tanning, Brewing and Distilling

E. Dyeing Properties of Lichens

F. Lichens in Perfumery

G. Some minor Uses of Lichens

APPENDIX POSTSCRIPT TO CHAPTER VII

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BOOKS AND PAPERS CITED IN THE TEXT

INDEX