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ОглавлениеCHAPTER 2 Archives and organizations
Before you start research amongst records, it’s sensible to have a good idea of where to find the records you will need, online or on the ground. Here is an overview.
Edinburgh
Many of Scotland’s records are found in Edinburgh. The main port of call there is the new ScotlandsPeople Centre, opened in 2008, and housed in two adjoining, venerable institutions at the end of Princes Street, New Register House (home of the General Register Office or GROS), and General Register House. The Centre has several searchrooms, including disabled access, and offers a free two-hour ‘taster session’ each day for newcomers.
Visitors are allocated a computer terminal for a fixed daily fee (currently £10), or you can pay an hourly rate for expert help. Via the terminals you can search broadly the same material that is available on www.ScotlandsPeople.gov.uk – General Registration records, censuses, Old Parochial Registers (OPRs), testaments and wills to 1901, and the Public Register of All Arms and Bearings (not yet on the website). The terminals can save up to 200 images, that can be downloaded to a memory stick for a fee, or returned to on a later visit. Check the website for the Centre’s opening times and details of how to book.
The old Sasine Office of the National Archives of Scotland, now the entrance to the Historical Search Room.
The original heraldic records are in the Court of the Lord Lyon, on the first floor of New Register House www.lyon-court.com.
General Register House is one of the two buildings of the National Archives of Scotland (NAS, formerly the Scottish Record Office or SRO), containing many national and local records. Here are located the Legal Search Room and the Historical Search Room; the latter being the one most frequented by genealogists. The NAS’s other building, West Register House, home to its maps and court records, is a mile (1.6 kilometers) away in Charlotte Square. The NAS’s official guide is Tracing your Scottish Ancestors (NAS, fourth edn, 2007) which, despite its title, is mainly concerned with its own holdings. The NAS website includes its catalogue (called OPAC, the Online Public Access Catalogue) and guides to the records at www.nas.gov.uk/guides/. You can simply key a place name or family name into the catalogue and see what appears – usually a great deal. To hone searches, choose specific time periods or categories of record. To find the kirk session records for a specific parish, for example, you would key in the parish name followed by the reference CH2.
The National Library of Scotland (NLS, www.nls.uk) contains many useful journals and books, as does Edinburgh City Library, which also has a good collection of Scottish newspapers. The NLS Map Library is in Salisbury Place, and its collection is now accessible online at www.nls.uk/maps/index.html.
Archives across Scotland
Scotland is well supplied with local archives, business and institutional archives. There is an increasing number of small visitor centres catering to local interest in history and genealogy, and to genealogical tourists, such as the Comainn Eachdraidh or Western Isles Historical Societies. For addresses, see the slightly out-of-date Exploring Scottish History (M. Cox, ed, Scottish Library Association, 1999), or look at the tourist information website www.visitscotland.com/ under ‘visitor attractions’.
At present 52 archives are linked in the Scottish Archive Network (SCAN), whose catalogues can be accessed at www.scan.org.uk. It’s worth looking at the site’s ‘knowledge base’ that has information on all manner of things from old legal terms and old money to a gazetteer of ‘problem places’ (SCAN includes www.scottishdocuments.com, whose records, slightly confusingly, are accessible via ScotlandsPeople).
Other websites useful for locating archives and records are:
Edinburgh addresses
GROS and the ScotlandsPeople Centre
New Register House,
3 West Register Street,
Edinburgh,
EH13YT
www.gro-scotland.gov.uk
The National Archives of Scotland (NAS)
HM General Register House
2 Princes Street
Edinburgh
EH13YY
www.nas.gov.uk
National Library of Scotland
George IV Bridge
Edinburgh
EH11EW
www.nls.uk
Scottish Life Archive
National Museum of Scotland
Chambers Street
Edinburgh
EH11JF
www.nms.ac.uk
See also pages 215-17 for more useful addresses.
The websites of the National Archives of Scotland and the General Register Office of Scotland.
www.archon.nationalarchives.gov.uk – covering local archives, museums, universities and similar institutions.
www.familia.org.uk – public library holdings of genealogical material.
www.archiveshob.ac.uk – focuses on holdings of academic institutions.
Before visiting any archive, always check its website or telephone for opening times, what identification you may need, fees charged, and whether you need to book. Also, make sure that the records you are planning to search are likely to tell you what you are hoping to find out – this guide should help you do that.
The National Register of Archives of Scotland
The NRAS (www.nas.gov.uk/nras) catalogues privately- or publicly-held papers of many individuals, families, landed estates, clubs, societies, businesses and law firms. Its online catalogue is particularly useful for finding estate papers of families who may have been your ancestors’ landlords, or archives of businesses that may have been your family’s employers.
Genealogical Societies
The Scottish Genealogy Society (www.scotsgenealogy.com) was founded in Edinburgh in 1953 to promote research into Scottish family history and to encourage the collection, exchange and publication of material relating to Scottish genealogy and family history. It has an excellent library, keeps a register of people researching specific surnames, and publishes a quarterly magazine, The Scottish Genealogist.
The old kirk at Inchnadamph, Sutherland, now beautifully restored by Historic Assynt (www.historicassynt. co.uk) as a focal point for studying the genealogy and history of Assynt.
The Society of Genealogists (SoG) in London has a vast collection of printed and manuscript sources covering all the British Isles, including a great deal for Scotland. A summary of its Scottish holdings is at www.sog.org.uk/prc/sct.shtml. Its largest manuscript collection is The MacLeod Collection, comprising the working papers of Revd Walter MacLeod and his son John, both professional genealogists in Edinburgh from about 1880 to 1940. Its 83 boxes are in rough surname order, though seem to contain mainly notes, not finished reports.
The GOONs or Guild of One Name Studies (Box G, 14 Charterhouse Buildings, Goswell Road, London EC1M 7BA, 0800 011 2182, www.one-name.org) includes many members studying Scottish surnames.
Scottish family history societies can be found via Genuki (see p. 33) or the Scottish Association of Family History Societies on www.safhs. org.uk. The latter publishes much of local interest and members can be funds of local lore. Many family history societies in Australia, New Zealand and the Americas, incidentally, have Scottish-interest groups, and there are Scottish Societies, including strong genealogical elements, in many countries. The Netherlands, for example, has a flourishing Caledonian Society (www.caledonian.nl) whose members are mainly descendants of Scots sailors, soldiers and merchants who settled in the Dutch ports.
Most Scottish clans now function through clan societies, that are effectively family and social history societies, as described on p. 160.
Though not really a ‘society’, www.rampantscotland.com is an American website providing copious links to Scottish-interest sites, including travel, cooking, clans and history. The genealogy links page is worth exploring.
Seallam!
The Seallam! Visitor Centre, and its founders, Bill and Chris Lawson, with their fantastic files of island pedigrees.
A fine example of a small local archive is Bill and Chris Lawson’s Co Leis Thu? (which means ‘what people do you belong to?), housed at the Seallam! Visitor Centre, An Taobh Tuath (Northton), Isle of Harris, HS3 3JA, 01859 520258, www.seallam.com.
Realizing that the fantastic oral history surviving amongst the Gaelic speakers in the Hebrides was threatened by the spread of English, Bill learned Gaelic and approached as many Gaelic speakers as possible. Few were willing to talk on tape or even in front of a notebook, so he had to remember what he heard, and record it later. He combined the results with close scrutiny of the available written records. Of these, he comments,
‘Written records in the Islands are generally poor, and were often kept by incomers with no knowledge of Gaelic, and even less interest. Oral tradition, on the other hand, comes from within a community and is much more likely to be accurate, even though it does tend to me more localized. Neither by itself is a complete record, but if the two are amalgamated, a more complete picture emerges, sometimes with surprising results…’
None more so than in the wonderful cases of people who could recite their patronymics – their father’s name, followed by their grandfather’s, great-grandfather’s, and so on. Some patronymics also appear in written records (albeit with rather odd attempts at transliteration), such as parochial registers. Bill says, ‘It can take some patience to recognize John Mcoil vicunlay vicormett as Iain macDhomhnaill mhic Fhionnlaidh mhic Thormoid – John son of Donald son of Finlay son of Norman,’ though of course the effort is entirely worth it as, in this case, it provides a four-generation pedigree.
The main records to which he tried to link oral pedigrees were the census returns, which are theoretically complete. Onto this dual peg, Bill could then hang any other information available – civil registration, parochial registers and so on. The results are astonishing – over 10,500 pedigree sheets, each neatly drawn out in immaculate handwriting, covering all the families of the islands of the Outer Hebrides (Harris, Lewis, Barra, North and South Uist and the smaller associated islands). As the 1851 census includes the elderly, many of these pedigrees go back to the late 1700s.
Bill’s main clients (he makes his information available for a very modest fee) are descendants of the islands’ many late eighteenth- and nineteenth-century emigrants. Some Lewis and Harris sheep farmers went as far as the Falkland Islands and Patagonia, but most Lewis people went to eastern Quebec and Bruce County, Ontario, later ones making for the Gaelic-speaking areas already colonized by their kin, whilst Uist and Harris people set sail for Cape Breton and Prince Edward Island, and from 1850s onwards to Australia. Judging by where they settled, Bill often has a head start working out where they would have originated. Sometimes there are clues in the emigrant communities, reminding us that our ancestors lived in extended families, and that we should always look beyond the narrow confines of our direct ancestral lines. Thus, MacDonalds on their own may be fairly ubiquitous, but MacDonalds mixed with Steeles indicate migrants from South Uist (where the surname was adopted by a group of MacLeans who wanted to disguise their identity from some vengeful Campbells: they chose Steele simply as it was the boat’s skipper’s surname).
Local knowledge, however you can acquire it, from older relatives, local history books, websites or local archives and resource centres like Seallam! is an invaluable clue to unlocking your Scottish family history.
