Читать книгу Construction Management JumpStart - Barbara J. Jackson - Страница 112

Although the Collaborative Process Institute (CPI) is no longer a functioning organization, its work and the ideas that came out of those first meetings are noteworthy and, in my opinion, reflect current trends in construction management.

These dials of values and how they are monitored and controlled are illustrated in the following list. The Collaborative Process Institute describes them as follows:

 Cost It is essential to predict and control what the construction project will cost. Costs are established, targeted, and controlled by means of an estimate or budget. As the work progresses, expenditures for materials, labor, equipment, and subcontracts are tracked and measured against the estimates. The fundamental goal is to maintain costs within or below budget parameters. The construction manager who can minimize cost while maximizing overall value to the owner will optimize the cost dial.

 Time As the saying goes, time is money. For many projects, the speed with which the building can be brought on line is more important than almost any other factor. Time is monitored and controlled by a detailed schedule, breaking each item of work down into its component parts. Once all of the purchasing, fabrication, installation, and construction steps are identified, a time element is assigned to each step. The goal is to complete each of the work items within the time frame assigned.The construction management team that can guarantee the schedule and actually beat it is invaluable to the owner.

 Quality Quality is the grab bag that covers all the aspects of the building not addressed by the other five values, such as aesthetic impact, user perceptions, appropriateness of building materials, and so on. Quality is monitored and controlled by a variety of means, including specifications, punch lists, inspections, tests, and user surveys. Special care must be taken to establish appropriate measures early in the project to focus attention and effort on the quality expectations of the team.

 Safety No matter how valuable a facility or structure may be, it is never more valuable than the health and welfare of the people who build and use the building. Care must always be taken to ensure that the building process and the building itself do not create unacceptable hazards to workers or users. These hazards range from risks during the building process (for example, falls, accidents, injury, and death) to risks from the completed buildings (for example, toxic gases, biohazards, and structural failure). Safety is best monitored and controlled proactively by identifying potential risks and taking prudent steps to mitigate those risks.

 Scope Scope is monitored and controlled by means of an architectural program, which identifies the space needs and tracks compliance of the building design with those needs. An optimal scope outcome would match the enduser's needs to the facility design over the life of the building with no gaps in between. The ultimate goal is high end-user satisfaction.

 Function The best project teams try to meet all of the functional requirements of the end-user group. An optimal outcome would satisfy their short- and long-term needs, allowing for sufficient flexibility to adapt to changes in the market. Function is monitored and controlled by means of process flow diagrams and utilization analyses, which document the efficiency of the processes that will be performed in the completed facility.

Keep in mind that these dials are all interconnected and that adjusting one will ultimately cause a change in the others. For example, if an owner requests that we crank up the time dial and complete the project earlier than we had contracted to do initially, then it is likely that the cost dial will also be turned up. Likewise, if an owner increases the project scope, then both the time and the cost dials will be turned up. So, the job of the construction management team is to figure out how to best adjust, manage, and monitor these dials in order to optimize the performance of each value relative to the owner's requests. Throughout this book, I will focus on just how to do that for cost, time, quality, and safety.