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As used throughout this book, the term owner has broad meaning. It generally implies the party responsible for financing the project. Therefore, in most cases, the term client could be substituted. However, in many instances, the term owner can also be construed to mean the enduser who ultimately uses the space. The term owner can also apply to the various stakeholders who may not have financed the project or use it directly but who have an interest in it. For example, in terms of a public school project, the owner responsible for financing the project would be the school district. At the same time, a teacher or student would be an enduser, and parents would definitely be classified as stakeholders. So, as a construction manager responsible for satisfying the “owner's” needs, it is important to understand exactly how deep that responsibly goes.

The reason the programming stage is so critical is because the program establishes the basis for the project scope.