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Regions are divided into one or more availability zones (AZs). Each region will usually have two or more availability zones for fault tolerance. AZs almost always correspond to individual data centers. Each AZ has its own redundant power and network connections. Within a region, AZs may be located a greater distance apart, especially if the region is in an area prone to natural disasters such as hurricanes or earthquakes. When running redundant VMs in the cloud, it's a best practice to spread them across AZs to take advantage of the resiliency that they provide. Figure 1.21 illustrates the concept of availability zones.

FIGURE 1.21 Availability zones