Читать книгу Birds of New Zealand, Hawaii, Central and West Pacific - Ber Perlo van - Страница 12
Оглавление4 Albatrosses
| 4.1 WANDERING ALBATROSS7 Diomedea exulans [Albatros hurleur] W 303cm. Separation from 4.2 only possible at close range when lack of black line along cutting edge of upper mandible visible. Field identification to ssp and age on base of plumage features in most cases not possible. Passes through about 7 stages (stages (St) 1–4 and 7 shown, stages 5 and 6 not shown) before attaining full Ad. plumage. This process, that can take up to 16 years, can stop in any stage so that for instance some can retain parts (e.g. black tail feathers) or the complete Juv. plumage (stage 1) during their whole life. tend to become whiter than . Shown Nom. (a), ssp gibsoni (b) and ssp antipodensis (c). Open ocean. Varied, e.g. very low purring, bill rattling, nasal gackling, etc. Breeds NZ 6–8. | |
| 4.2 ROYAL ALBATROSS8 Diomedea epomophora [Albatros royal] W 328cm. From 4.1 by black cutting edge of bill. In all but Juv. stage the tail is white (unlike 4.1), so a large albatross with white wing patch combined with all-white tail is always this species. No dark brown Juv. stage and less Imm. stages than 4.1, especially in ssp sanfordi (a, Nothern Royal Albatross) where Juvs moult direct into Ad. plumage. Note difference between 4.2a with solid black wings and Nom. (b, Southern Royal Albatross); in the latter the wings of Ad. are mainly white. Breeds on flat or gently sloping ground. Nests sheltered by rocks or low vegetation but needs gently sloping, exposed sites for take-off and landing. Otherwise open ocean. Low, rhythmic or puffed-out grunts and mumblings. Also bill rattling. Breeds NZ 4,6,7. 4.3 KELP (or NZSouthern Black-backed) GULL Larus dominicanus [Goéland dominicain] L 60cm. Frontal view for comparison of size with 4.1–2. See also 52.1. 4.4 BLACK-BROWED ALBATROSS Thalassarche melanophris [Albatros à sourcils noirs] W 230cm. Frontal view for comparison of size with 4.1–2. See also 6.3. |
