Читать книгу Birds of New Zealand, Hawaii, Central and West Pacific - Ber Perlo van - Страница 5

Symbols, Abbreviations and Glossary

Symbols

Habitat: a set of environmental factors that is preferred by a bird

Vocalisation

Notes on range

Abbreviations

1st W – The plumage worn by a bird after moulting from juvenile plumage

2nd W – The plumage worn in the 2nd winter of a bird’s life

– Male

– Males

– Female

– Females

Ad. – Adult

Ads – Adults

Br – Breeding

N-br – Non-Breeding

C – Central

Cf. – Compare to

E – East(ern)

E. – Endemic

Esp. – Especially

Excl. – Excluding

Extr. – Extreme

I – Introduced

I. – Island

Irr – Irregular visitor

Is – Islands

Imm. – Immature

Imms – Immatures

Incl. – Including

Juv. – Juvenile

Juvs – Juveniles

L – Length in cm

N – North(ern), etc.; also in combination with E and W

NI – New Zealand’s North Island

Nom. – Nominate; the subspecies of a species that was the first described

Pl – Plate

R – Rare

S – South(ern)

Sec – Second or seconds

SI – New Zealand’s South Island

Ssp – Subspecies

Ssps – > 1 subspecies

Thr. – Throughout

V – Vagrant

W – Wingspan in cm; can also mean West(ern): depends on context

Countries

A.Sa – American Samoa

Co – Cook Islands

Fi – Fiji

FrPo – French Polynesia

Gu – Guam

Ha – Hawaii

Ki – Kiribati

Ma – Marshall Islands

Mi – Micronesia

Na – Nauru

Ni – Niue

NMa – Northern Marianas

NZ – New Zealand

Pa – Palau

Pi – Pitcairn Islands

Sa – Samoa

Tok – Tokelau

Ton – Tonga

Tu – Tuvalu

WaF – Wallis and Futuna

Glossary

Endemic A species that occurs only in an area with well-defined boundaries such as a continent, a country, an island or a habitat.

Forest A tall, multi-layered habitat in which high trees dominate the canopy, which is continuous and closed.

Gallery forest A riverine belt that is dominated by trees.

Jizz Typical silhouette and stance of a bird species.

Riverine belt Any growth along a river or stream that is higher and greener than the more distant surroundings.

Rufescent Tinged with red-rufous colour.

Savanna In this book: any (large) area with a continuous cover of (high) grasses, interrupted by shrub and (5–30%) tree canopy.

Second growth New natural forest developing in places where the original forest has disappeared.

Speculum Patch of colour on the wing contrasting with that of the rest of the wing.

Transient plumage Stage between Br and N-br plumages with traces of Br plumage still visable.

Woodland A habitat in which trees dominate, but the canopy is not closed.