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Practical neurology is remarkably similar the world over – a neurologist in China, India or South America will be familiar with most conditions seen in Europe (Table 1.2). Variation between regions is determined largely by infections, such as malaria. Study of the full impact of Covid‐19 is unknown and not discussed here.

Figure 1.1 Standardized prevalence and incidence rates of treated epilepsy in a population of 2 052 922 persons in England and Wales in 1995. (Bars indicate 95% CI.) Prevalence of treated epilepsy: overall 5.15/1000 people (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.05–5.25).

Source: Wallace et al. 1998.

Figure 1.2 Age structure in developed (Sweden) and developing (Costa Rica) countries.

Source: Worldwatch Database, 1996, Worldwatch Institute.