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'

The Apostrophe has the form of the comma. It denotes the possessive case; as, John's book; also, that one or more letters have been left out of a word; as, lov'd for loved.

" "

The Quotation includes a passage that is taken from some other author or speaker; as, John said: "See my kite."

( )

The Parenthesis includes words not properly a part of the main sentence; as, I like these people (who would not?) very much. The words within the parenthesis should be read in a lower tone of voice.

[ ]

The Brackets inclose words that serve to explain the preceding word or sentence; as, James [the truthful boy] went home.

^

The Caret shows where words are to be put in that have been omitted by mistake; as, Live _^ⁱⁿ peace.

¨

The Diæresis is placed over the latter of two vowels, to show that they belong to two distinct syllables; as, aërial.

-

The Hyphen is used to connect compound words; as, Well-doing; or the parts of a word separated at the end of a line.

⇒

The Index points to something special or remarkable; as, ⇒ Important News!

*** .... or ——

The Ellipsis shows that certain words or letters have been purposely omitted; as, K**g, k..g, or k--g, for king.

¶

The Paragraph denotes the beginning of a new subject. It is chiefly used in the Bible; as, ¶ The same day came to him, etc.

§

The Section is used to divide a book or chapter into parts; as, §45.

* † ‡

The Asterisk, the Obelisk, the Double Dagger, and sometimes other marks, [Footnote: For instance: the Section mark, §, and the Parallel, ||.] refer to notes in the margin.