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When the TOC is used as approach to planning, participation is key. It all starts with getting the main stakeholders together to discuss and agree on the issue (problem) and ambition (change). As Taplin et al. put it:

An important first step in the process is identifying a workable long-term goal and outcomes. The long-term outcome should be something the initiative can realistically achieve and that everyone involved understands. (Taplin et al. 2013: 3)

Table 3.1 illustrates the necessary steps.

Discussions do need to lead to a comfortable agreement given that in organisational contexts in the absence of a minimum common ground programmes may fail. In these cases, gathering a minimum of agreement implies recognising the differences and agreeing that these are not fundamental so as to prevent collective energy and synergy around the programme.

Table 3.1