Читать книгу Pocket Guide to Clinical Microbiology - Christopher D. Doern - Страница 15

The taxonomy of viral classification is arranged in the following way…

 OrderFamilySubfamilyGenusSpecies

Practically speaking, most clinical microbiologists organize viruses in terms of genome structure, family, and genus, and only rarely are the subfamily or species designations utilized. As such, the following taxonomic structure is presented in terms of what would be most useful to the practicing clinical microbiologist.

 Single-stranded, nonenveloped DNA virusesFamily. ParvoviridaeGenus. ErythrovirusSpecies. Human parvovirus B19 virus

 Double-stranded, nonenveloped DNA virusesFamily. PolyomaviridaeGenus. PolyomavirusSpecies. JC polyomavirus, BK polyomavirusFamily. PapillomaviridaeGenus. PapillomavirusSpecies. Human papillomavirusFamily. AdenoviridaeGenus. MastadenovirusSpecies. Human adenoviruses (species A to G)

 Double-stranded, enveloped DNA virusesFamily. PoxviridaeGenus. OrthopoxvirusSpecies. Vaccinia virus, variola virus smallpox virus, cowpox virus, monkeypox virusGenus. MolluscipoxvirusSpecies. Molluscum contagiosum virusGenus. ParapoxvirusSpecies. Orf virusFamily. HepadnaviridaeGenus. OrthohepadnavirusSpecies. Hepatitis B virusFamily. HerpesviridaeGenus. SimplexvirusSpecies. Human herpesvirus 1 (herpes simplex virus type 1; HHV-1), human herpesvirus 2 (herpes simplex virus type 2; HHV-2)Genus. VaricellovirusSpecies. Human herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster virus [VZV]; HHV-3)Genus. LymphocryptovirusSpecies. Human herpesvirus 4 (Epstein-Barr virus [EBV]; HHV-4)Genus. CytomegalovirusSpecies. Human herpesvirus 5 (CMV; HHV-5)Genus. RoseolovirusSpecies. Human herpesvirus 6 (roseola virus; HHV-6), human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7)Genus. RhadinovirusSpecies. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)

Single-stranded, positive-sense, nonenveloped RNA viruses

 Family. PicornaviridaeGenus. EnterovirusSpecies. Enterovirus A (human coxsackievirus A2, human enterovirus 71) Enterovirus B (human coxsackievirus B1, human echovirus), Enterovirus C (human poliovirus 1 to 3, human coxsackievirus A1), Enterovirus D (human enterovirus 68, 70, and 94), Rhinovirus A, B, and C.Genus. AphthovirusSpecies. Foot-and-mouth disease virusGenus. HepatovirusSpecies. Human hepatitis A virus (HHAV)

 Family. CaliciviridaeGenus. NorovirusSpecies. Norwalk virusGenus. SapovirusSpecies. Sapporo virus

 Family. AstroviridaeGenus. AstrovirusSpecies. Human astrovirus

Single-stranded, positive-sense, enveloped RNA viruses

 Family. CoronaviridaeGenus. CoronavirusSpecies. Human coronavirus, Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus, Middle eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS) virusGenus. TorovirusSpecies. Human torovirus

 Family. TogaviridaeGenus. AlphavirusSpecies. Sindbis virus, Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus, Western equine encephalitis (WEE) virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus, Chickungunya virus, many other virusesGenus. RubivirusSpecies. Rubella virus

 Family. FlaviviridaeGenus. FlavivirusSpecies. Yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus, Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus, Dengue virus (types 1 through 4), Zika virus, many other virusesGenus. HepacivirusSpecies. Hepatitis C virus (HCV)

Single-stranded, negative-sense, enveloped RNA viruses

 Family. RhabdoviridaeGenus. LyssavirusSpecies. Rabies virus

 Family. FiloviridaeGenus. “Marburg-like viruses”Species. Marburg virusGenus. “Ebola-like viruses”Species. Ebola virus

 Family. OrthomyxoviridaeGenus. Influenzavirus ASpecies. Influenza A virusGenus. Influenzavirus BSpecies. Influenza B virusGenus. Influenzavirus CSpecies. Influenza C virus

 Family. ParamyxoviridaeGenus. RespirovirusSpecies. Sendai virus, Human parainfluenza virus (types 1 and 3)Genus. RubulavirusSpecies. Mumps virus, Human parainfluenza virus (types 2 and 4)Genus. MorbillivirusSpecies. Measles virusGenus. HenipavirusSpecies. Hendra virus, Nipah virusGenus. PneumovirusSpecies. Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)Genus. MetapneumovirusSpecies. human metapneumovirus

 Family. BunyaviridaeGenus. OrthobunyavirusSpecies. Bunyamwera virus, California encephalitis virus, La Crosse virus, many other virusesGenus. HantavirusSpecies. Hantaan virus, Sin Nombre virus, other virusesGenus. NairovirusSpecies. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCFV), other virusesGenus. PhlebovirusSpecies. Rift Valley fever virus, other viruses

 Family. ArenaviridaeGenus. ArenavirusSpecies. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus, Lassa virus, Junin virus, Machupo virus, Sabia virus, other viruses

Double-stranded, enveloped RNA viruses

 Family. RetroviridaeGenus. DeltaretrovirusSpecies. Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), human T-lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2)Genus. LentivirusSpecies. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2)

 Family. ReoviridaeGenus. RotavirusSpecies. Rotavirus (types A, B, and C)Genus. ColtivirusSpecies. Colorado tick fever virus