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Bb

bad (1) ADJECTIVE

You say somebody is bad if they are naughty or wicked.

criminal

The police arrested four of the men for criminal behaviour.

disobedient

I have a very disobedient dog. He doesn’t come when I call him.

evil

Stories often tell of the fight between good and evil forces.

vile

“You’re vile!” she screamed. “Go away!”

wicked

The wicked queen gave Snow White a poisoned apple.

ANTONYM: good

bad (2) ADJECTIVE

If something is bad, it is harmful, unpleasant or upsetting.

appalling

Conditions on the road were appalling. There were several accidents.

disgusting

A disgusting smell came from the cave. An ogre was washing his underpants.

dreadful

The kitchen was in a dreadful state when Sanjay had finished making a cake.

harmful

Pollution is harmful for the environment.

hazardous

There is thick fog on the motorway and driving conditions are hazardous.

horrid

Amy stood in the doorway. “I’ve just had a horrid dream,” she said.

nasty

The medicine tasted really nasty.

severe

Darren the dragon had a severe coughing fit and set light to the furniture.

terrible

The weathermen were forecasting terrible floods for the weekend.

unpleasant

Walking to school was really unpleasant. Slush was everywhere.

bad (3) ADJECTIVE

You say something is bad if it is of poor quality.

careless

Your answers are right, but your presentation is careless.

faulty

Robert’s handling of the cricket bat was faulty so he couldn’t hit the ball.

poor

The lighting was so poor nobody could see the steps properly.

shoddy

The cupboard was so shoddy that it fell apart when I opened it.

wrong

The instructions were wrong so we couldn’t see how to assemble the kit.

ban VERB

If someone bans something, you are not allowed to do it.

forbid

Our teacher has forbidden sweets and crisps in the classroom.

prohibit

The council has prohibited skateboarding in the shopping centre.

band (1) NOUN

A band is a small number of people, like a group of musicians.

group

Five of us have formed a pop group.

orchestra

Our school has its own orchestra.

band (2) NOUN

A band can be a strip of material such as iron, cloth or rubber.

hoop

Metal hoops held the barrel together.

strap

Strong straps keep the luggage safe on the roof rack.

strip

Strips of gold round the sailor’s sleeve showed he was in charge.

bang NOUN

A bang is a sudden loud noise.

blast

They heard a blast from the rocket as it launched.

boom

A boom from the explosive echoed round the quarry.

explosion

There was a deafening explosion and the ground shook.

knock

Suddenly, there was a loud knock at the front door.

bare (1) ADJECTIVE

If something is bare, it has nothing in it or on it.

empty

She looked for food in the cupboard, but it was empty.

unfurnished

The place was unfurnished except for a table and one chair.

bare (2) ADJECTIVE

If part of your body is bare, it is not covered by clothes.

naked

The baby lay naked, kicking her legs.

nude

The painting showed a nude woman holding a towel.

undressed

“You can’t come in!” she shrieked. “I’m undressed!”

basic ADJECTIVE

Basic means the simplest things you need, or need to know.

chief

The chief thing to remember when hiking is to shut gates behind you.

essential

Water is an essential requirement for all living creatures.

important

An important rule is to check the traffic before you cross a road.

main

The main thing is not to panic if the fire alarm goes off.

standard

Our car is a standard model.

beautiful (1) ADJECTIVE

You say something is beautiful if it gives you great pleasure to look at or listen to.

amazing

There’s an amazing view of the countryside from here.

attractive

It’s an attractive village with a very old church in the centre.

enchanting

The castle has an enchanting garden.

fine

It was a fine day so Finlay went for a paddle at the beach.

glorious

“Summer weather here is absolutely glorious,” exclaimed Gran.

gorgeous

Princess Jane wore a gorgeous dress sparkling with jewels.

graceful

The ballerina performed a graceful curtsey for the audience.

incredible

It was an incredible building with dozens of turrets.

magnificent

The king wore magnificent robes.

pretty

There’s a pretty cottage round the corner.

spectacular

The fireworks were spectacular.

splendid

The singer had a splendid voice.

stunning

“Wow! Your new hairstyle is absolutely stunning!” said Fiona.

beautiful (2) ADJECTIVE

You say someone is beautiful if they are lovely to look at.

good

Mum looked really good in her new outfit.

good-looking

The girl next door’s really good-looking.

lovely

The princess looked lovely on her wedding day.

believe VERB

If you believe someone or something, you think what is said is true.

accept

She can’t accept that she is wrong.

trust

I trusted him, but it seems he was not telling the truth.

bend (1) VERB

When something bends, it becomes curved or crooked.

buckle

Her bike hit a rock that badly buckled the front wheel.

fold

The blacksmith heated a strip of iron and folded it in half.

twist

A man twisted long balloons into the shape of an animal.

bend (2) NOUN

A bend is a curve in something.

corner

The house you are looking for is round the next corner.

curve

Round a curve in the river was the waterfall where we ate our picnic.

loop

Loops in the mountain road made the drive scary.

bend (3) VERB

When you bend, you move your body forwards and downwards.

bow

The farmer bowed his back under a heavy sack of oats.

crouch

The girl crouched down in a field during a game of hide and seek.

lean

Sam leaned over and stroked the kitten.

stoop

Stooping down, she touched the track made by the deer.

better (1) ADJECTIVE

Something that is better than something else is of a higher standard or quality.

finer

I couldn’t have had a finer teacher.

greater

After all his study, he had a greater understanding of the subject.

better (2) ADJECTIVE

If you are feeling better after an illness, you are not feeling so ill.

healthier

Sean certainly looks much healthier now.

recovering

Grandma had a nasty fall but she is now recovering.

stronger

I felt really weak, but I’m getting stronger every day.

big (1) ADJECTIVE

Something or somebody big is large in size.

bulky

The parcel was too bulky to fit through the letterbox.

enormous

Lionel got squashed when an enormous dog sat on him.

giant

At the end of the party Uncle Simon set off a giant firework.

grand

The concert was in a very grand house.

great

There was a great gasp from the audience.

huge

Elephants are huge animals.

immense

This money will be an immense help to the new hospital.

large

Matt took a large bite of chocolate cake and grinned contentedly.

massive

A massive rock crashed to the ground in front of them.

mighty

There was a mighty roar from the crowd when we scored the winning goal.

vast

A vast mountain rose before them, its top lost in mist.

➔ colossal; gigantic; mammoth

big (2) ADJECTIVE

Sometimes big can mean important, or having a lot of influence.

important

“Hey, I think we’ve found something important,” said Carter.

serious

Burglary is a serious problem in this area.

bin VERB

If you bin something, you throw it away.

discard

Mum tried to persuade Dad to discard his old jacket.

scrap

She decided to scrap everything she’d written so far.

bind VERB

If you bind something, you tie something like string or cloth tightly round it so that it is held in place.

attach

In our first-aid class, we were taught to attach splints to a damaged limb.

fasten

The woodcutter always fastens the firewood with twine.

join

Simon used extra-strong tape to join the broken struts together.

tie

“I’ll tie a handkerchief round your leg to stop the bleeding,” said Mum.

bird NOUN

A bird is an animal with two legs, two wings and feathers.

PET BIRDS:

budgerigar

cockatiel

FARM BIRDS:

chicken

duck

goose

turkey

BIRDS THAT LIVE NEAR WATER:

coot

curlew

duck

flamingo

goose

gull

kingfisher

moorhen

pelican

penguin

puffin

stork

swan

BRITISH GARDEN BIRDS:

blackbird

blue tit

chaffinch

robin

sparrow

thrush

wren

BIRDS OF PREY:

buzzard

eagle

falcon

kestrel

owl

OTHER BIRDS:

emu

kiwi

kookaburra

ostrich

parrot

peacock

vulture

bit NOUN

A bit of something is a small piece of it.

chip

We found a chip of Roman pottery in the garden.

chunk

Henry broke off a chunk of chocolate.

crumb

Under the table, birds were pecking at leftover crumbs.

fragment

They were looking for fossils but found only a small fragment of bone.

morsel

Oliver was so hungry he ate up every last morsel of pie.

part

Julia liked the part in the film where owls brought messages.

piece

She couldn’t finish the jigsaw. There was one piece missing.

portion

Every guest had a portion of cheese.

scrap

There was an interesting scrap of paper at the crime scene.

shred

The kitten tore the curtains to shreds.

slab

A slab of white stone covered the mouth of the tomb.

speck

If there was a speck of dust my mum would find it.

body NOUN

Your body is every part of you.

boil VERB

When liquid boils, it bubbles.

bubble

Stew bubbled furiously on the stove.

foam

Warm the butter until it foams.

froth

Hot milk rose in the pan and frothed over the top.

heat

Heat the mixture for five minutes.

book NOUN

A book is a number of pages held together inside a cover.

KINDS OF BOOKS:

album

atlas

diary

dictionary

encyclopedia

jotter

manual

notebook

novel

storybook

textbook

thesaurus

boring ADJECTIVE

Something boring is so dull that you have no interest in it.

dreary

We spent a dreary afternoon queuing for concert tickets.

dull

The film was so dull that William fell asleep in the middle of it.

monotonous

The television presenter droned on in a monotonous voice.

➔ mind-numbing

ANTONYM: exciting

bottom (1) NOUN

The bottom of something is the lowest part of it.

base

There were lots of fallen rocks at the base of the cliff.

bed

The bed of the river was sandy.

foot

They stopped at the foot of the mountain and looked up.

foundation

It was an old pillar. The foundation was crumbling.

bottom (2) NOUN

Your bottom is the part of your body that you sit on.

behind

Llewelyn sat there so long that his behind went numb.

bum INFORMAL

“Does my bum look big in this?” Abdul’s teenage sister asked.

buttocks

A fall on the ice bruised his buttocks.

rear

While Tom was looking round the farm, a goat butted him in the rear.

box NOUN

A box is a container with straight sides, made from something stiff, like cardboard, wood or plastic.

carton

They took a carton of strawberries with them on the picnic.

case

When we moved, all our books were packed in cases.

chest

Tommy keeps his toys in a chest.

packet

Sarah wanted her own small packet of cereal for breakfast.

brave ADJECTIVE

If you are brave, you show you can do something even if it is frightening.

adventurous

Jack was adventurous and liked to explore new places.

bold

The kitten was bold enough to tap the dog on its nose.

courageous

The courageous dentist agreed to check the lion’s teeth.

daring

King Arthur’s knights did all sorts of daring deeds.

fearless

People doing extreme sports seem fearless.

➔ heroic; intrepid

ANTONYM: cowardly

break (1) VERB

If you break something, it splits into pieces or stops working.

chip

“Don’t bang that plate down or you’ll chip it,” said Mum.

crack

The ogre gazed at his reflection. This made the mirror crack.

crumble

She sat anxiously crumbling a piece of bread in her fingers.

fall apart

Jeremy gloomily watched his bookshelves fall apart.

shatter

Her voice is so loud it could shatter glass.

smash

There was a smash as the stereo hit the floor.

snap

Simone heard a twig snap behind her. She spun round in alarm.

splinter

The Snow Queen made the glass splinter into a thousand fragments.

break (2) NOUN

A break is a short rest or change.

interval

In the play there’s a short interval between two acts.

pause

There was a pause while the teacher hunted for her notes.

rest

“I’m exhausted,” said Daniel. “Let’s have a rest before we go out.”

bright (1) ADJECTIVE

Someone who is bright is quick at learning or noticing things.

brainy

My brother’s really brainy. He wants to go to university.

clever

“If you’re clever, you’ll put the watch together again,” said Jessie.

intelligent

Guide dogs have to be very intelligent.

sharp

“You’re very sharp,” said the old lady, “but you still haven’t solved the puzzle.”

smart

Some people think squirrels are smart, but they often can’t find nuts they’ve buried.

bright (2) ADJECTIVE

Bright lights and colours are strong and startling.

brilliant

Parrots’ brilliant colours make them easy to see.

colourful

The magician produced a colourful string of knotted scarves.

dazzling

They shaded their eyes against his dazzling white shirt.

glaring

Glaring headlights blinded Dad and he had to stop the car.

glowing

The bonfire was glowing in the dark.

bright (3) ADJECTIVE

Someone who is bright is cheerful and lively.

cheerful

I like Alex. He’s always so cheerful and jolly in class.

lively

Kamal felt lively and refreshed when he woke up.

bring VERB

If you bring something or someone, you have them with you when you arrive.

carry

He arrived carrying presents for everyone.

guide

You’ll need someone to guide you back if it’s dark.

lead

Firemen often have to lead people out of burning buildings.

take

Taxis were used to take guests to the wedding reception.

build VERB

If you build something, you make it by joining things together.

create

Dad created a wonderful tree house for us.

make

The children made an igloo with small blocks of snow.

put up

We put up a fence round the guinea pigs to keep them safe.

building NOUN

A building is a place, such as a house, that has walls and a roof.

BUILDINGS TO LIVE IN:

apartment

bungalow

castle

cottage

detached house

flat

semi-detached house

terraced house

BUILDINGS TO WORK IN:

factory

fire station

garage

hospital

laboratory

library

lighthouse

police station

shop

skyscraper

studio

windmill

BUILDINGS TO WORSHIP IN:

cathedral

chapel

church

mosque

synagogue

temple

bully VERB

Someone who bullies people hurts or frightens them.

frighten

The witch frightened him into helping her gather mushrooms.

threaten

One of the big boys threatened us.

torment

Stop tormenting your little sister.

bump NOUN

A bump is a raised, uneven part on a surface.

bulge

A bag of sweets made a bulge in his jacket pocket.

hump

There are humps here to slow down traffic.

lump

Our old mattress is full of lumps.

swelling

Chloe had a nasty swelling on her finger.

bump into VERB

If you bump into something, you hit it while you are moving.

bang into

The brakes on his bike failed and he banged into the fence.

collide with

In the dark our car collided with a tree.

hit

He ran into the road without looking and hit a cyclist.

strike

She struck a litter bin when she lost control of her skateboard.

bunch NOUN

A bunch is a group of things together, like flowers or grapes.

bouquet

The bride carried a bouquet of roses.

posy

Emma gave her mum a lovely posy of bright flowers.

spray

Sprays of holly brightened the hall.

bundle NOUN

A bundle is a number of small things gathered together.

batch

The first batch of letters arrived the next day.

collection

We put a collection of newspapers out for recycling.

heap

On the table was a heap of clothes for the charity shop.

pile

A pile of dirty washing was waiting to go to the launderette.

burn VERB

If something is burning, it is on fire.

blaze

A bonfire blazed in the garden.

flame

The fire began to flame green as it caught the ink.

flare

Suddenly a match flared in the darkness.

flicker

He blew gently on the spark and the fire began to flicker.

burst VERB

When something like a balloon or tyre bursts, it splits apart suddenly.

explode

One of the bottles exploded in the heat.

pop

The baby laughed with delight when the bubbles popped.

puncture

A nail punctured one of my tyres.