Читать книгу Collins Junior Illustrated Thesaurus - Collins Dictionaries - Страница 7
Оглавлениеcall (1) VERB
If you call, you phone or visit someone.
phone
I’ll phone you as soon as I get there.
ring
Give me a ring one day next week.
visit
Grandpa wants us to visit tomorrow.
call (2) VERB
If you call someone, you shout for them.
cry
“Where are you hiding?” she cried.
cry out
Rashid cried out in delight when he saw the otter.
shout
“Come on Ben. You’ll be late for school,” Mum shouted.
yell
“Come on in!” Tracy yelled. “The water is great!”
calm (1) ADJECTIVE
If something is calm, it is still and peaceful.
peaceful
Everything seemed peaceful in the church.
still
That afternoon the breeze had dropped and the air was still.
calm (2) ADJECTIVE
If you are calm, you do not seem worried or excited.
cool
She was surprisingly cool about the exciting news.
quiet
The children were very quiet until they saw the mouse.
car NOUN
A car is a road vehicle with wheels and an engine. It needs a driver and usually has room for passengers.
KINDS OF CARS:
convertible
estate
four-wheel drive
hatchback
limousine
minicab
people carrier
racing car
saloon
sports car
taxi
vintage car
care VERB
If you care about something, you are concerned about it.
be bothered
I am bothered about missing my swimming lessons.
be concerned
My brother is concerned about the world’s endangered wildlife.
mind
Gavin said he didn’t mind who won the game of chess.
careful (1) ADJECTIVE
If you are careful, you try to do things well.
accurate
The soldier had to be accurate. He had only one chance to hit the target.
thorough
We made a thorough search of the room.
careful (2) ADJECTIVE
If you are careful, you try to do things safely.
alert
In Australia there is a danger of bush fires, and people have to be alert.
cautious
The lifeguard taught them to be cautious around the pool.
wary
Joe was wary of the elephant - it was very large.
watchful
With a toddler, you have to be watchful all the time.
careless (1) ADJECTIVE
If you are careless, you do not take enough care.
messy
My little sister is a messy eater.
sloppy
Her knitting was sloppy, with dropped stitches everywhere.
untidy
The professor was untidy. Now he couldn’t find his papers.
careless (2) ADJECTIVE
Careless can also mean not being sensible about things.
reckless
Sam took a reckless leap over the river.
thoughtless
Only thoughtless people went out in the storm without a jacket.
carry VERB
When you carry something, you pick it up and take it with you.
move
He moved the plant over to the window.
take
We’d better take an umbrella.
transport
We need a van to transport our furniture.
catch (1) VERB
If you catch something, like measles, you get that illness.
come down with
“Stay away from me or you’ll come down with chickenpox too,” said Beth.
get
I don’t want to get this cold.
go down with
It’s just like Ross to go down with something at the wrong moment.
catch (2) VERB
If you catch somebody or something, you capture them.
arrest
The police want to arrest a man they suspect of burglary.
capture
Prison guards set a trap to capture the escaped prisoner.
trap
“Trap that spider,” said Granny, “then put it outside.”
change (1) VERB
When you change something, it becomes different.
alter
The tailor said he could soon alter the length of the trouser legs.
modify
Let’s modify the plan. We’ll go this afternoon instead.
reorganize
“Oh no!” cried Mrs Jones. “I’m going to have to reorganize everything.”
revise
The teacher said my story was good, but I should revise the ending.
change (2) VERB
When something changes, it becomes different.
develop
Caterpillars develop into moths or butterflies.
shift
The wind shifted to the west.
turn
Tadpoles soon turn into frogs.
change (3) VERB
If you change something, you replace it with something else.
exchange
“Can I exchange this blue shirt for a green one?” asked the customer.
swap
Henry wanted to swap his pop music CD for one of Rosie’s.
switch
I didn’t see him switch his old pen for my new one.
chase VERB
If you chase someone, you try to catch them.
follow
The boys followed the man they suspected of stealing a bike.
hunt
Our cat was out all night, hunting mice and rats.
pursue
Police pursued the speeding car for miles along the motorway.
trail
It was easy to trail the robber by following his footprints in the snow.
check VERB
If you check something, you make sure it is correct and safe.
examine
The witch frowned and examined the contents of the cauldron.
inspect
The mechanic inspected the car’s brakes.
make sure
Before we set off, I made sure we’d remembered everything.
test
He tested the ground in case it was boggy.
choose VERB
When you choose, you decide what to have or do.
elect
They quickly elected a new leader.
name
Each one named the person they wanted.
pick
He picked the biggest cake he could find.
select
They were told to select a book and read for the rest of the lesson.
take
We took the shortest way.
clean (1) VERB
If you clean something, you remove dirt from it.
DIFFERENT WAYS OF CLEANING:
bathe
brush
dust
mop up
polish
rinse
scour
scrub
shampoo
sponge
sweep
vacuum
wash
wipe
clean (2) ADJECTIVE
If something is clean, it is free from dirt.
blank
She took a blank sheet and began to write.
sparkling
Penelope polished the glasses until they were sparkling.
spotless
The floor was spotless by the time they’d finished mopping it.
clear (1) ADJECTIVE
If something you say or write is clear, it is easy to understand.
evident
It was evident she didn’t like me.
obvious
It was obvious from the first sentence that this was a sad book.
plain
“I’ll make my idea plain, in words of one syllable,” his brother said.
simple
The instructions were really simple and easy to follow.
clear (2) ADJECTIVE
On a clear day there are no clouds in the sky.
bright
On a bright day there are strong shadows on the ground.
cloudless
After the storm the sun shone brightly in the cloudless sky.
fine
“If the weather’s fine we’ll go to the beach tomorrow,” said Dad.
sunny
It was sunny one minute and raining heavily the next.
clear (3) ADJECTIVE
If a space is clear, there is nothing in it or it is free from things you don’t want.
bare
The room was bare when we got it ready for decorating.
empty
For once, the car park was empty and Mum could park close to the shops.
clever ADJECTIVE
Someone who is clever can learn and understand things easily.
brainy
Matt is really brainy. He gets top marks for everything.
bright
The baby’s very bright. She’s saying lots of words already.
crafty
A crafty old fox sneaked into the kitchen and stole the sausages.
cunning
She disguised her scar with a cunning use of make-up.
gifted
Kamal is a gifted writer.
intelligent
Our cat’s quite intelligent. It understands ten words.
inventive
Matt was really inventive when it came to making up excuses.
sharp
That old man is still as sharp as ever.
skilful
Finches are skilful at getting the shells off sunflower seeds.
talented
He was a talented musician who could play any instrument well.
climb VERB
When you climb something, you move upwards.
ascend
The lift ascended so rapidly it took their breath away.
clamber
They clambered up the steep hill, clutching at bushes.
shin up
They shinned up the tree and looked at the view.
clothes PLURAL NOUN
Clothes are the things people wear, such as shirts, trousers and dresses.
clothing
You’ll need warm clothing if you want to watch the fireworks.
costume
The actors in the film wore wonderful bright costumes.
dress
We were asked to wear informal dress to the dance.
garments
The charity shop is always glad of garments we no longer need.
gear
Sebastian had to have all the right gear for skateboarding.
outfit
Mum said her new outfit would be perfect for the wedding.
wardrobe
A famous designer planned the wardrobe for the musical.
wear
The shop sold everything you could want in the way of outdoor wear.
cold ADJECTIVE
If the weather is cold, the temperature outside is low.
WORDS THAT DESCRIBE THE COLD:
arctic
biting
bitter
chilly
cool
freezing
frosty
frozen
icy
raw
wintry
collect VERB
If you collect a number of things, you bring them together.
assemble
They assembled lots of food for the midnight feast.
gather
We went out to gather blackberries from a field near our house.
hoard
David hoarded empty glass bottles for his display.
raise
The school is trying to raise money for Children in Need.
save
We have been asked to save used stamps for a school project.
collection NOUN
A collection is a group of things brought together over a period of time.
assortment
The bathroom shelf is full of an assortment of shampoo bottles.
heap
Now and again, Dad adds another book to the heap.
mass
Dan worked his way through a mass of clothes to find his jeans.
pile
There was a pile of smelly old trainers in the corner.
set
“One more card and I’ll have a complete set,” said Raymond.
colour NOUN
The colour of something is the way it looks in daylight.
shade
The walls were painted in different shades.
tint
The autumn leaves were taking on a warm red tint.
DIFFERENT COLOURS:
black
blue
navy
sky blue
turquoise
brown
chocolate
coffee
fawn
green
bottle-green
lime
orange
tan
pink
rose
purple
lavender
lilac
mauve
red
crimson
scarlet
vermilion
white
cream
ivory
yellow
amber
gold
come VERB
To come to a place is to move there or arrive there.
appear
We all giggled when the magician’s rabbit appeared on stage.
approach
The guard dog growled loudly when the stranger approached.
arrive
The train arrived, and Grandma got out.
draw near
As they drew near to the castle, the great door opened.
show up
Most of the acts were good, but the conjuror didn’t show up.
turn up
“Don’t worry about us. We’ll turn up later,” said Ted.
visit
The Mayor is going to visit this afternoon.
ANTONYM: go
comfortable (1) ADJECTIVE
Something comfortable makes you feel relaxed and snug.
cosy
My room’s warm and cosy in winter, even when it’s freezing outside.
snug
Jamil felt snug tucked up in bed.
soft
Charlotte snuggled into the soft pillow and fell asleep straight away.
comfortable (2) ADJECTIVE
If you are comfortable, you feel at ease.
contented
The cat looked contented stretching out beside the fire.
happy
He was happy in his new room.
relaxed
Rebecca felt relaxed in the company of her friends.
ANTONYM: uncomfortable
common ADJECTIVE
If something is common, you often see it or it often happens.
average
It’s average behaviour for a boy of his age.
everyday
Children feeding ducks on the pond is an everyday sight in this park.
standard
Power steering is standard in many cars that are made today.
usual
It is quite usual to see dogs and cats getting on well together.
competition NOUN
A competition is an event to see who is best at doing something.
championship
Our school is taking part in the junior swimming championship.
contest
There was a fierce contest between the red and blue teams.
game
Supporters cheered when their team won the game.
race
Attilio was by far the fastest runner and easily won the race.
tournament
My brother is through to the finals of the table-tennis tournament.
complete (1) ADJECTIVE
If something is complete, there is nothing missing.
entire
I’ve got the entire set of famous people in my album.
full
The teacher wanted a full report of the science experiment.
whole
Amy recited the whole poem without a single mistake.
complete (2) VERB
If you complete something, you finish it.
conclude
The head teacher concluded his lecture with a warning about litter.
do
Have you done your homework?
end
Simon ended his talk by asking if there were any questions.
finish
Charles couldn’t think how to finish his story.
conversation NOUN
If you have a conversation with someone, you talk to each other.
chat
My mum likes to have a chat with friends over a cup of coffee.
discussion
There was a long discussion about which class Sheena should be put in.
gossip
The opening of the new school provided plenty of gossip.
talk
“I think we should have a talk about this,” said his teacher.
cook VERB
When you cook food, you prepare it for eating by heating it.
WAYS OF COOKING:
bake
barbecue
boil
fry
grill
microwave
poach
roast
steam
stew
stir-fry
toast
copy (1) NOUN
A copy is something made to look like something else.
fake
The police say that painting is a fake.
forgery
He thought the man gave him a twenty-pound note, but it was a forgery.
imitation
Those jewels are only imitations. They’re made of glass.
photocopy
“Can you give me a photocopy of that page?” asked Domenica.
It’s not an original painting. It’s a print.
replica
Manuel bought a plastic replica of the Eiffel Tower.
copy (2) VERB
If you copy what someone does, you do the same thing.
follow
“You must follow my movements exactly,” said the dance teacher.
imitate
She can imitate her mum’s voice.
impersonate
Frank is really good at impersonating famous people.
mimic
Ben can mimic the sounds animals make.
mirror
We carefully mirrored the movements of the karate teacher.
trace
Kim carefully traced the outline of the country into her book.
correct ADJECTIVE
Something that is correct is true and has no mistakes.
accurate
Make sure that your measurements are accurate, or the pieces will not fit together.
exact
It’s no good guessing the amount of flour you need, it must be exact.
precise
“It’s very important that the details you give are precise,” said the policeman.
right
In the test, all his answers were right.
true
“Your report may be exciting,” said her teacher, “but is it true?”
cosy ADJECTIVE
A house or room that is cosy is comfortable and warm and not too big.
comfortable
It was a comfortable room with lots of deep armchairs and thick rugs.
snug
We love our house because it’s so snug.
warm
The fire sent out a warm, welcoming glow.
count VERB
If you count a number of things, you find out how many there are.
add up
She added up her pocket money to see if there was enough to go to the cinema.
calculate
Patrick calculated the number of hours he had spent doing his homework.
tally
The whole class stayed to tally the votes for the football captain.
work out
Work out how much you’ve got, and how much more you need to buy this bike.
cover VERB
If you cover something, you put something else over it to protect or hide it.
cloak
Mist cloaked the mountain top, making it too dangerous to climb.
conceal
The boy concealed his work with his hand.
hide
During winter a blanket of snow hid the lawn and flowerbeds.
mask
Edmund masked his feeling of dismay with a smile.
crack NOUN
A crack is a line or gap on something that shows it is damaged.
crevice
Many spiders lurked in crevices in the old stone wall.
gap
They had to watch the game through a gap in the fence.
split
One of the pieces of wood had a large split at the end.
crash NOUN
A crash is a sudden loud noise like something breaking.
clash
Fabian brought the cymbals together with a clash.
clatter
The metal tray dropped to the ground with a clatter.
smash
There was a smash as the stereo hit the floor.
crime NOUN
A crime is something that is against the law of a country.
KINDS OF CRIMES:
arson
burglary
graffiti
hijacking
joyriding
mugging
murder
piracy
robbery
shoplifting
smuggling
stealing
terrorism
theft
vandalism
criminal NOUN
A criminal is someone who has done something that is against the law.
KINDS OF CRIMINALS:
arsonist
burglar
graffitist
hijacker
joyrider
mugger
murderer
pirate
robber
shoplifter
smuggler
terrorist
thief
vandal
crooked ADJECTIVE
Something that is crooked is bent or twisted.
bent
Shadha complained she couldn’t get any juice through the bent straw, so the waiter got her another.
twisting
A twisting path led through the woods to the cottage.
warped
The wood was so warped they couldn’t use it for anything but firewood.
cross ADJECTIVE
Someone who is cross is angry about something.
angry
Adrian was so angry he could hardly speak to her.
annoyed
Grandpa was annoyed when he found slugs had eaten his lettuces.
grumpy
Steven felt grumpy about not being well enough to go out.
irritable
Flies pestered the pony and made him very irritable.
cruel ADJECTIVE
Someone who is cruel hurts people or animals without caring.
brutal
The police said it was a brutal murder.
cold-hearted
The kidnapper was cold-hearted and ignored their pleas.
heartless
A heartless burglar smashed my grandma’s favourite vase.
vicious
The burglar aimed a vicious kick at the guard dog.
ANTONYM: kind
crush VERB
To crush something is to destroy its shape by squeezing it.
flatten
They flattened the soft drink cans before recycling them.
screw up
Tibbles screwed up Mum’s jacket when she slept on it.
squash
I dropped the shopping bag and squashed the tomatoes.
cry (1) VERB
To cry means to call out loudly.
call
He called, “Anybody there?”
shout
“I can’t hear you,” she shouted.
shriek
“Oh no!” shrieked Libby. “My new jeans have shrunk.”
yell
Debbie had to yell above the din in the school playground.
cry (2) VERB
When you cry, tears come from your eyes and trickle down your face.
grizzle
The baby grizzles when he’s hungry.
howl
My sister howled when her gerbil died.
snivel
“It’s no good snivelling,” said the ugly sisters. “You’re not going to the ball.”
sob
Tommy sobbed when he dropped his ice cream.
wail
“I wanted to go to the pantomime!” wailed Roly.
weep
Lara wept as she waved goodbye.
whimper
The puppy whimpered when Abdul went off to school.
cut (1) VERB
If you cut something, you use a knife or scissors to remove parts of it.
carve
Nicholas carved the wood into the shape of a cat.
chop
The cook chopped an onion and carrot into small pieces.
clip
Katherine clipped out an advertisement from the newspaper.
mow
Grandpa loves mowing his lawn to keep it neat and tidy.
prune
Rose bushes need pruning in spring.
saw
The gardener sawed up some wood to make a nesting box.
slice
Mrs Cratchit always sliced the bread too thinly.
snip
The hairdresser snipped off my long hair.
trim
The barber carefully trimmed the wizard’s long beard.
cut (2) VERB
To cut can mean to reduce something.
lower
The supermarket is lowering a lot of its prices this week.
reduce
The government is trying to reduce the amount of traffic on the roads.
